The effect of single oral doses of penbutolol (40 mg) and propranolol L.A. (160 mg) on psychomotor performance of 12 normal individuals has been investigated. Subjects were randomly administered penbutolol, propranolol L.A. and placebo according to a double-blind, three-part cross-over design. At 3 h post-dosing both penbutolol and propranolol L.A. significantly increased (P less than 0.001) complex reaction times when compared to placebo. By 24 h post-dosing the mean complex reaction times for penbutolol and propranolol L.A. were not significantly different from placebo.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02396.x | DOI Listing |
Pharm Dev Technol
December 2016
b Department of Plant , Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow , ID , USA.
The effect of ultrasound and chemical penetration enhancers on transcutaneous flux of penbutolol sulfate across split-thickness porcine skin was investigated. Penbutolol sulfate is a potent, noncardioselective beta-blocker, which is used for the management of hypertension. The drug is one of the most lipid soluble of the β-adrenoceptor antagonists used clinically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA highly sensitive method using ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q/Trap MS) was developed to simultaneously screen and confirm nine beta-blockers (BBs) in porcine tissues (porcine muscle, liver and kidney). The method was used for trace determination of atenolol, pindolol, acebutolol, metoprolol, carazolol, labetalol, bisoprolol, propranolol and penbutolol. The homogenized tissues were hydrolyzed by beta-glucuronidase/aryl sulfatase and extracted with acetonitrile, followed by continuous purification procedures of disperse solid phase extraction (d-SPE) with diatomaceous earth and BondElut cartridge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCochrane Database Syst Rev
February 2014
Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3.
Background: Beta-blockers are one of the classes of drugs frequently used to treat hypertension. Quantifying the blood pressure (BP) lowering effects of nonselective beta-blockers provides important information that aids clinical decision making.
Objectives: To quantify the dose-related effects of nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (beta-blockers) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as compared with placebo in people with primary hypertension.
J Pharm Pharmacol
July 2005
Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jena, Germany.
Crystalline solids are characterized by long-range positional and orientational order in three dimensions, whereas amorphous liquids lack long-range order in any dimension. Liquid crystals (mesophases) show structural, mechanical and optical properties intermediate to those of crystalline solids and the amorphous, liquid state of matter. There are two principle types of liquid crystals: thermotropic liquid crystals (TLCs) and lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs).
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