Author examines the reasons which in this century radically changed the epidemiological picture of tuberculosis in Italy as well as in other countries. Today the mortality and morbidity percentages are clearly lower than percentages pertinent to other pulmonary diseases, such COLD or lung cancer. Yet antitubercular struggle is not concluded: the chronic cases are still an important medical and social problem and Italian tuberculin indexes are not quite satisfactory. We can say that many battles are been won, but now war need be won, political reasons permitting.
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