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Gender-specific Single Transcript Level Atlas of Vasopressin and its Receptor (AVPR1a) in the Mouse Brain.
bioRxiv
December 2024
Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029.
Vasopressin (AVP), a nonapeptide synthesized predominantly by magnocellular hypothalamic neurons, is conveyed to the posterior pituitary the pituitary stalk, where AVP is secreted into the circulation. Known to regulate blood pressure and water homeostasis, it also modulates diverse social behaviors, such as pair-bonding, social recognition and cognition in mammals including humans. Importantly, AVP modulates social behaviors in a gender-specific manner, perhaps, due to gender differences in the distribution in the brain of AVP and its main receptor AVPR1a.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroendocrinology of bone.
Pituitary
December 2024
Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The last ten years have greatly improved our knowledge of bone health and the processes behind bone loss in osteoporosis, both primary and secondary.
- Key discoveries have come from studying bone diseases in people and creating similar conditions in genetically altered rodents, revealing that pituitary hormones play important roles in bone health beyond just affecting other hormone-producing glands.
- Specific hormones like follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) have been linked to rapid bone loss during menopause and thyroid issues, respectively, while hormones like oxytocin and prolactin may influence bone health across generations.
Sex-Dependent Effects of Chronic Circadian Disruption in AβPP/PS1 Mice.
J Alzheimers Dis
January 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
Background: Chronic disruption of the circadian timing system, often reflected as a loss of restful sleep, also includes myriad other pathophysiological effects.
Objective: The current study examined how chronic circadian disruption (CD) could contribute to pathology and rate of progression in the AβPP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Methods: A chronic CD was imposed until animals reached 6 or 12 months of age in AβPP/PS1 and C57BL/6J control mice.
Pituitary crosstalk with bone, adipose tissue and brain.
Nat Rev Endocrinol
December 2023
Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Traditional textbook physiology has ascribed unitary functions to hormones from the anterior and posterior pituitary gland, mainly in the regulation of effector hormone secretion from endocrine organs. However, the evolutionary biology of pituitary hormones and their receptors provides evidence for a broad range of functions in vertebrate physiology. Over the past decade, we and others have discovered that thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, oxytocin and arginine vasopressin act directly on somatic organs, including bone, adipose tissue and liver.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe fructose survival hypothesis for obesity.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
September 2023
Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
The fructose survival hypothesis proposes that obesity and metabolic disorders may have developed from over-stimulation of an evolutionary-based biologic response (survival switch) that aims to protect animals of crisis. The response is characterized by hunger, thirst, foraging, weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and increased blood pressure. The process is initiated by the ingestion of fructose or by stimulating endogenous fructose production via the polyol pathway.
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