The relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of two oxazepam preparations were evaluated in 12 normal volunteers by a newly developed HPLC-method. After oral application of one tablet of the test (Noctazepam) and reference preparation, respectively, no statistically significant differences of the AUC, Cmax Tmax and t1/2 were found. As compared to the reference preparation the relative bioavailability of the test preparation as 110%; both preparations are therefore bioequivalent.
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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
May 2024
Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politecnica, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, 05508080, Brazil.
Groundwater contamination by pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) has been considered a public health concern worldwide. Alongside the potential toxicological risk of these organic substances, many countries still rely on groundwater for drinking water supply. Thus, this study identified a priority list of seven licit PhACs, comprising acetaminophen (ACT), tramadol (TRA), carbamazepine (CBZ), erythromycin (ERY), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), metformin (MET), and oxazepam (OXZ).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTher Drug Monit
August 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges ,France ; and.
Background: Legally prescribed benzodiazepines (BZDs) and designer BZDs are widely misused and must be determined in multiple contexts (eg, overdose, drug-facilitated sexual assaults, or driving under the influence of drugs). This study aimed to develop a method for measuring serum BZD levels using probe electrospray ionization (PESI) mass spectrometry and an isotope dilution approach.
Methods: A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with a probe electrospray ionization source in multiple reaction monitoring mode was used.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
January 2024
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.
A new efficient ZnO-AlO nanocomposite (ZANC) was synthesized to form solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber. The prepared fiber was used for trace determination of benzodiazepines by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector in urine samples. The effective parameters on the extraction process including extraction time, salt percentage, desorption time and sample pH were optimized by a factorial design method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemosphere
October 2023
UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
This work aimed at investigating specific attenuation pathways of pharmaceuticals in copper- and iron-rich Mediterranean intermittent and sunlit rivers by combining lab- and field-scale studies. Poorly photodegradable and biodegradable compounds such as fluconazole, oxazepam and venlafaxine attenuated in two river stretches with short hydraulic residence times (<3 h). This result was assumed to be related to their capacity to interact with photoreactive free Cu and Fe or their associated oxides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
May 2023
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Since WWTPs are not able to eliminate all psychoactive pharmaceuticals, these compounds become a part of the aquatic ecosystem. Our results indicate that compounds such as codeine or citalopram are eliminated with low efficiency (<38%), and compounds such as venlafaxine, oxazepam, or tramadol even with almost no efficiency. Lower elimination efficiency may be caused by the accumulation of these compounds in the wastewater treatment process.
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