In three subway stations, which are "sub-pavement" stations (Budapest), microbiological air analyses were simultaneously carried out by means of sedimentation and by the use of Krotow's impactor. In the course of the examinations, which lasted eight months, the following max. values were obtained on the agar plates: 78 colonies/dm2/h and 239 colonies/m3; the rates of incidence for pathogenic and indicator bacteria were 2.7 and 1.7 per 10 plates. The strongest airflow was 0.7 m/sec. These values were obtained at the "Nagy-várad tér" station, which forms a transition to the subway stations. The "stopper effect" was found to exist here as well, although not to such an extent as in the deep subway stations, but still more pronounced than in the other two "subpavement" stations "Esceri ut" and "Határ ut". The microbiological values are at any rate more favourable than in the subway stations dealt with in an earlier paper.
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Sci Data
January 2025
ZheJiang Communications Investment Group Co., Ltd., ITS Branch, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
The subjective perceptions of passengers are intricately linked to the noise levels in subway stations of urban rail transit systems. In this study, comprehensive measurement was conducted on the noise environment on the platforms during operational hours at four distinct types of subway stations within an urban metro network. To ensure precise data collection, four different noise and sound pressure measurement points were strategically positioned in the middle and at both ends of each station platform.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPublic Health Nutr
January 2025
Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, México.
Objective: To develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Street Food and Beverage Tool (SFBT).
Design: This methodological study contains two phases: a) tool development, which involves conducting a systematic review followed by expert evaluation of the items, the creation of a Nutritional Healthfulness Index (NH), and pilot testing; and b) evaluation of the Tool's Validity and Reliability: Content validity was judged by an external technical group, which evaluated the adequacy and pertinence of each tool item. Construct validity was evaluated around schools by testing the hypothesis: In high-income areas, there will be greater availability of healthy food and beverages at street food outlets (SFOs), as measured by the NH-index.
Front Public Health
January 2025
College of Information and Management Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
Introduction: A well-connected transportation network unites localities but also accelerates the transmission of infectious diseases. Subways-an important aspect of daily travel in big cities-are high-risk sites for the transmission of urban epidemics. Intensive research examining the transmission mechanisms of infectious diseases in subways is necessary to ascertain the risk of disease transmission encountered by commuters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
December 2024
Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of indoor environmental management in transportation hubs, which are critical for pathogen transmission due to high foot traffic. However, research has primarily focused on subways, with limited studies on train stations. In this study, samples were collected at the Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station in winter, spring, and summer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China.
This study focuses on the active earth pressure distribution of finite soil masses in urban proximity engineering, with a specific emphasis on nonlimit conditions. Through laboratory model tests, the relationship between the nonlimit earth pressure and displacement of the finite soil mass is investigated. Furthermore, the distribution law of the nonlimit earth pressure is explored, considering the influence of the existing structure, proximity distance, and soil cover thickness of the existing structure on the nonlimit earth pressure distribution within the finite soil mass.
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