The purpose of this investigation is to explore operational definitions of cognition, intelligence, information processing, language-based cognitive abilities, cognitive processes and products, problem solving, decision making, and the complex events that happen in the brain when one stimulates a patient. These definitions are explored in order to develop a coherent and generative rationale for therapy. It is hypothesized that a specification of the underlying targets of our stimulation therapy may increase the effectiveness of our intervention efforts.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9924(83)90002-3 | DOI Listing |
iScience
December 2024
Department of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Humans no doubt use language to communicate about their emotional experiences, but does language in turn help humans understand emotions, or is language just a vehicle of communication? This study used a form of artificial intelligence (AI) known as large language models (LLMs) to assess whether language-based representations of emotion causally contribute to the AI's ability to generate inferences about the emotional meaning of novel situations. Fourteen attributes of human emotion concept representation were found to be represented by the LLM's distinct artificial neuron populations. By manipulating these attribute-related neurons, we in turn demonstrated the role of emotion concept knowledge in generative emotion inference.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurol
October 2024
Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Introduction: Broca's aphasia is a crushing syndrome after stroke. Although there are multiple therapies, the recovery of a considerable number of patients is still not ideal. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with speech and language therapy has been a promising combination regimen in recent years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Alzheimers Dis Rep
September 2024
Brussels Centre for Language Studies (BCLS), Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
Background: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a language-based dementia, causing progressive decline of language functions. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can augment effects of speech-and language therapy (SLT). However, this has not been investigated in bilingual patients with PPA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Alzheimers Dis
August 2024
Greek Alzheimer's Association and Related Disorders (GAARD), Thessaloniki, Greece.
Background: The assessment of language deficits can be valuable in the early clinical diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Objective: The present study aims to explore whether language markers at the macrostructural level could assist with the placement of an individual across the dementia continuum employing production data from structured narratives.
Methods: We administered a Picture Sequence Narrative Discourse Task to 170 speakers of Greek: young healthy controls (yHC), cognitively intact healthy elders (eHC), elder participants with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and with AD dementia at the mild/moderate stages.
J Alzheimers Dis Rep
July 2024
Greek Alzheimer's Association and Related Disorders (GAARD), Thessaloniki, Greece.
Background: Earlier research focuses primarily on the cognitive changes due to Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, little is known with regard to changes in language competence across the lifespan.
Objective: The present study aims to investigate the decline of language skills at the grammatical and syntactic levels due to changes in cognitive function.
Methods: We administered the Litmus Sentence Repetition Task (SRT) to 150 native speakers of Greek who fall into five groups: 1) young healthy speakers, 2) cognitively intact elder healthy speakers, 3) speakers with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), 4) speakers with mild cognitive impairment (MCI); and 5) speakers with AD dementia at the mild/moderate stages.
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