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Understanding retinal tau pathology through functional 2D and 3D iPSC-derived in vitro retinal models.
Acta Neuropathol Commun
January 2025
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
The generation of retinal models from human induced pluripotent stem cells holds significant potential for advancing our understanding of retinal development, neurodegeneration, and the in vitro modeling of neurodegenerative disorders. The retina, as an accessible part of the central nervous system, offers a unique window into these processes, making it invaluable for both study and early diagnosis. This study investigates the impact of the Frontotemporal Dementia-linked IVS 10 + 16 MAPT mutation on retinal development and function using 2D and 3D retinal models derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExosomal miR-122 derived from M2 macrophages induces osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of alcoholic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
J Orthop Surg Res
January 2025
Department of Joint Osteopathy, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi Province, 545000, China.
Alcoholic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AIONFH) is caused by long-term heavy drinking, which leads to abnormal alcohol and lipid metabolism, resulting in femoral head tissue damage, and then pathological necrosis of femoral head tissue. If not treated in time in clinical practice, it will seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even require hip replacement to treat alcoholic femoral head necrosis. This study will confirm whether M2 macrophage exosome (M2-Exo) miR-122 mediates alcohol-induced BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, ultimately leading to the inhibition of femoral head necrosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFλ-cyhalothrin induced sex-specific inflammation, glia activation and GABAergic interneuron disruption in the hippocampus of rats.
BMC Pharmacol Toxicol
January 2025
Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240003, Nigeria.
Background: Glia mediated neuroinflammation and degeneration of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons are some of the hall marks of pyrethroid neurotoxicity. Here we investigated the sex specific responses of inflammatory cytokines, microglia, astrocyte and parvalbumin positive inhibitory GABAergic interneurons to λ-cyhalothrin (LCT) exposures in rats.
Methods: Equal numbers of male and female rats were given oral corn oil, 2 mg/kg.
Comparative evaluation of calretinin immunohistochemical expression in calcifying odontogenic cyst and ameloblastoma.
BMC Oral Health
January 2025
Oral Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Background: Calretinin is a 29 kilodalton (KDa) calcium-binding protein that is expressed in normal and tumoral tissues. The expression of calretinin has been shown in the dental epithelium during odontogenesis and in different odontogenic cysts and tumors such as ameloblastoma. Since the epithelium of calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is similar to ameloblastoma and in both lesions, an arrangement of loose cells similar to stellate reticulum is seen, we aimed to investigate the comparative expression of calretinin in COC and ameloblastoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVariable peptide processing of a Conus (Asprella) neocostatus α-conotoxin generates bioactive toxiforms that are potent against distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes.
Biochem Pharmacol
January 2025
The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. Electronic address:
Conusvenoms are composed of peptides that are commonly post-translationally modified, increasing their chemical diversity beyond what is encoded in the genome and enhancing their potency and selectivity. This study describes how PTMs alter an α-conotoxin's selectivity for specific nAChR subtypes. Venom from the cone snailConus(Asprella)neocostatuswas fractionated using high-performance liquid chromatography and tested using a behavioral intracranial mouse bioassay and a cholinergic calcium imaging assay using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
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