If a human ear is stimulated with short sound pulses an acoustic response can be recorded many milliseconds later in the ear canal. This 'cochlear echo' was discovered by Kemp some years ago. Soon after this discovery it was found that many normal ears also emit weak sounds without being stimulated. Here we present the results of the measurements of minimum stimulus energy needed to influence this acoustic emission process. This energy is so low (1 eV) that processes at the molecular level are likely to play an important role. This may have consequences for theories of normal cochlear functioning.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(83)90051-4 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Acoustics Research Centre, University of Salford, The Crescent, Manchester, M5 4WT, UK.
It is well understood that a significant shift away from fossil fuel based transportation is necessary to limit the impacts of the climate crisis. Electric micromobility modes, such as electric scooters and electric bikes, have the potential to offer a lower-emission alternative to journeys made with internal combustion engine vehicles, and such modes of transport are becoming increasingly commonplace on our streets. Although offering advantages such as reduced air pollution and greater personal mobility, the widespread approval and uptake of electric micromobility is not without its challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
Department of Fashion Technology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641004, India.
Domestic laundry wastewater is a major contributor to microfiber emissions in the aquatic environment. Among several mitigation measures, the use of external filters to capture microfibers from wastewater is one of the most efficient and commercially viable methods. This study attempted to develop an eco-friendly filtration medium to filter microfibers in laundry wastewater using luffa cylindrica fibers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJBMR Plus
February 2025
Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC) is an ultra-rare disorder caused by constitutive activation of parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R). We sought to characterize the craniofacial phenotype of patients with the disease. Six patients with genetically confirmed JMC underwent comprehensive craniofacial phenotyping revealing a distinct facial appearance that prompted a cephalometric analysis demonstrating a pattern of mandibular retrognathia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most commonly used tools in neuroscience. However, it implies exposure to high noise levels. Exposure to noise can lead to temporary or permanent hearing loss, especially when the exposure is long and/or repeated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
February 2025
Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical and Computational Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford, 16701, PA, USA.
The presence of trace metals (TMs) in river systems at certain levels can cause toxicity and pose significant risks to human health. In this study, nine TMs (Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in water samples collected from six major rivers from southwestern Nigeria during both dry and wet seasons. Across both seasons, the mean concentrations (mg/L) ranged from 0.
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