There are two major objectives in sampling for a research study. The first is the avoidance of bias due to selection: to achieve this a random sample must be drawn and a high response rate achieved. The second objective is to achieve an efficient use of resources by selecting a sample of a size sufficient to detect an effect of clinical importance yet not so large that effects too small to be of interest are detected. Both these aspects will be discussed here.
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JMIR Res Protoc
January 2025
Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Spain.
Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease primarily treated through molecular-targeted therapies. However, emerging evidence suggests that dietary interventions may also play a role in managing inflammation associated with this condition. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), prevalent in southern European countries, has been widely recognized for its ability to reduce cardiovascular mortality, largely due to its anti-inflammatory properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
January 2025
Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal.
Background: The dietary intake of hospitalised patients is often compromised during hospitalisation, which can be a causal factor for hospital malnutrition. This is considered a public health problem worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of other complications.
Objectives: Our objective was to determine the dietary intake of hospitalised individuals and if the prescribed diet influences it.
J Diabetes Metab Disord
June 2025
Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Objectives: To investigate the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and osteosarcopenia using nationally representative data.
Methods: We utilized data from 1,418 men and women aged ≥ 50 years old participating in Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS), a nation-wide, cross-sectional study conducted in 2021. Osteosarcopenia was defined based on standard criteria, considering the presence of both osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
PLoS One
January 2025
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Previous studies reported that focusing on healthy lifestyle, especially high diet quality is necessary for preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigated the association between the innovative index, the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS), and the risk of Type 2 Diabetes incidence.
Methods: In this secondary analysis, we included elective adult participants (n = 5948) from the third and fourth survey of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
J Diabetes Metab Disord
June 2025
Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Metabolic and Obesity Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No.23, Aarabi Street, Yaman Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the IraPEN program, an adapted version of the WHO Package of Essential Non-communicable Disease (PEN) intervention, in managing diabetes from September 2020 to September 2021 using the Input-Process-Output-Outcome framework.
Methods: In this Cross-sectional/Ecological study, aggregated data was collected from IraPEN facilities by medical universities using the electronic health system. The data was presented as numbers and proportions, for urban and rural healthcare facilities separately.
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