The term 'heritability', which evokes the image of transmission from parents to children, is used in biology to characterize the resemblance of related individuals in terms of a given characteristic, and to analyse the genetic and environmental causes of this resemblance. In fact, there are three definitions of heritability and it is important to distinguish among these carefully in order to avoid misinterpretations. Various techniques for measuring associated parameters are linked to these definitions. A rigorous analysis of the assumptions which permit the interpretation of parameter estimates is necessary to avoid false conclusions.
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Exploring perceptions of genetic risk and the transmission of substance use disorders.
Addict Sci Clin Pract
August 2024
Research Chair in Child Well-Being, McGill University School of Social Work, 550 Sherbrooke Ouest Suite 100, Tour Est Montreal, Montreal, H3A 1B9, QC, Canada.
Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) have been consistently shown to exhibit moderate intergenerational continuity (1-3). While much research has examined genetic and social influences on addiction, less attention has been paid to clients' and lay persons' perceptions of genetic influences on the heritability of SUD (4) and implications for treatment.
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Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umberto I University Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes are a heterogeneous group of Heritable Connective Tissue Disorders characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility. Among the different types, the hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is the most frequent and includes generalized joint hypermobility as the major diagnostic criterion. Joint hypermobility in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is often associated with pain that does not always allow the use of effective pain-reducing treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo learn to read, the brain must repurpose neural systems for oral language and visual processing to mediate written language. We begin with a description of computational models for how alphabetic written language is processed. Next, we explain the roles of a dorsal sublexical system in the brain that relates print and speech, a ventral lexical system that develops the visual expertise for rapid orthographic processing at the word level, and the role of cognitive control networks that regulate attentional processes as children read.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRemember This: Age Moderation of Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Verbal Episodic Memory from Midlife through Late Adulthood.
Intelligence
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Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
It is well documented that memory is heritable and that older adults tend to have poorer memory performance than younger adults. However, whether the magnitudes of genetic and environmental contributions to late-life verbal episodic memory ability differ from those at earlier ages remains unresolved. Twins from 12 studies participating in the Interplay of Genes and Environment in Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium constituted the analytic sample.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome-Wide Association Study and Genomic Prediction on Plant Architecture Traits in Sweet Corn and Waxy Corn.
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Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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