Surgery of the lower third of the rectum can be done without difficulty through the anus using an endoscopical approach. Polyps or tumors located in the upper two thirds of the rectum can be removed using the Mason or Kraske procedure, or by the transabdominal approach. A new endoscopic technique has been developed with the aim, to allow surgery in the whole rectum through the anus. The rectum is being dilated by mechanical means and air insufflation. An oblique angle stereoscopic endoscope as well as modified surgical instruments are used. In animals 47 excisions of mucosa were done, and the incisions were closed by continuous suture. Application of this technique in a clinical setting is planned.
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