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The structure of meaning in schizophrenia: A study of spontaneous speech in Chinese.
Psychiatry Res
December 2024
Department of Translation and Language Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
Narrative speech production requires the retrieval of concepts to refer to entities, which need to be referenceable more than once for any form of narrative coherence to arise. Such coherence has long been observed to be affected in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), yet the underlying mechanisms have been a longstanding puzzle, with existing evidence predominantly derived from Indo-European languages. Here we analyzed two picture descriptions from 22 native Mandarin Chinese speakers with SSD and 15 healthy controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Macklin Effect Following Trauma: A Case Report of Concurrent Pneumothorax, Pneumoperitoneum, Pneumomediastinum, and Pneumoretroperitoneum in an Intubated Young Adult.
Cureus
December 2024
Department of Trauma Surgery, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, SAU.
Article Synopsis
- Pneumomediastinum, often occurring silently post-trauma, complicates diagnoses especially when paired with other conditions like pneumothorax and pneumoperitoneum, largely due to the Macklin effect where air escapes from ruptured alveoli.
- An 18-year-old male involved in a car crash was found with severe pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema but showed no signs of significant esophageal or bronchial injury upon further evaluation.
- Despite alarming initial imaging, the patient's treatment was conservative, allowing for a gradual healing process and eventual discharge without complications, illustrating the need for careful assessment in trauma management.
Male osteoporosis: the impact of lifestyle, from nutrition to physical activity.
J Endocrinol Invest
December 2024
Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Food Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Male osteoporosis is an increasing worldwide pathological condition, characterized by an increased risk of fragility fractures, that is underestimated, underdiagnosed and undertreated. Prevention and treatment play a pivotal role in reducing fractures, and it is important to remember that therapeutic interventions include balanced nutrition and physical activity. Pharmacological treatments are the main and most effective tool to achieve numerous and decisive benefits in this population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhen the Pros become Cons in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Riv Psichiatr
December 2024
Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, ASL Roma.
Although descriptive psychopathology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is well-established, this disorder still presents very enigmatic and puzzling aspects. Hence the usefulness for further contributions to better clarify the picture. For example, one of the most problematic manifestations of OCD consists in pathological doubt, whose origin, however, remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSingle-Molecule Magnet Behavior and Spin Structure of an Fe Cartwheel Cluster Revealed by Sub-Kelvin Magnetometry and Mössbauer Spectroscopy: The Final Pieces of the Puzzle.
Inorg Chem
December 2024
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on the magnetic properties of the "cartwheel" heptanuclear cluster [FeO(OCBu)(Me-dea)(HO)], utilizing Mössbauer spectroscopy and sub-Kelvin magnetization measurements to provide insights into its spin frustration.
- The Fe Mössbauer spectra at temperatures above 150 K revealed a specific ratio of doublets that corresponded to different iron sites within the cluster, confirming a previously proposed spin ground state structure where spins are aligned differently among the central and peripheral sites.
- At sub-Kelvin temperatures, the behavior of the cluster changed, showing spin blocking and single-molecule magnet characteristics, along with a defined anisotropy barrier that allows for quantum tunneling at low temperatures.
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