In fetal anomalies we can follow the course by repeated ultrasound examinations and so decide the therapy. For collection of experience all rare cases should be published. Beginning in 25th gestational week we observed a triplet pregnancy, in which one fetus was a severe malformed acardius. Fetus I has been separated with an own placenta and was developing well. Fetus II had to supply the acardius with circulating blood and therefore it retarded beginning in the 28th week. Fetus III was the malformed acardius. Beginning in the 28th week it began to grow rapidly. Caused by this fact and an increasing hydramnios pregnancy was terminated by spontaneous delivery in 31th week. The normal fetus I (1320 g) survived. The retarded fetus II (830 g) died postnataly. The diagnosis of an acardius monster (triplet III, 2090 g) was confirmed by autopsy. Good collaboration with the pathologist is of great value, because he can show the clinician the degree of precision of his antenatal diagnosis.

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Article Synopsis
  • TRAP sequence involves a unique situation in multiple pregnancies where one twin (the pump twin) supports the nonviable co-twin (the acardius), necessitating careful monitoring via fetal MRI.
  • A study analyzed 88 TRAP pregnancies over 17 years, uncovering that around 12% of live pump twins exhibited abnormalities, particularly related to the brain and heart.
  • MRI revealed three acardius types, with differences in acardius-to-pump twin volume ratios correlated to the pump twin's heart health, highlighting the importance of imaging for monitoring these high-risk pregnancies.
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Radiofrequency Ablation and Intrauterine Transfusion in a Delayed Diagnosed Acardiac Twin Pregnancy.

Case Rep Obstet Gynecol

August 2023

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence or acardiac twin is a rare and severe complication of monochorionic multiple pregnancies. Acardiac twin accounts for 10% of all TRAP sequences, which is the most morphologically developed acardius. We present an undiagnosed TRAP sequence case up to 24 weeks of gestation who underwent successful amnioreduction, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and intrauterine transfusion (IUT).

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Background: Male pseudohermaphroditism is a developmental anomaly wherein animals are genetically and gonadally male, but their internal and/or external genitalia resemble those of females. In cattle, pseudohermaphroditism is often accompanied by multiple severe malformations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of male pseudohermaphroditism in a complex malformed calf born with an acardius amorphous cotwin.

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Fetus acardius is a rare manifestation of twin reversed arterial perfusion and is a parasite due to vascular circulation from donor twin and lacks any resemblance to human embryos. Antenatal diagnosis is challenging as there are no well-defined features. We report here a case which presented as placental mass, the diagnosis of which was evident after delivery.

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Acardiac twinning is a rare anomaly of monochorionic twin pregnancies. Acardiac fetuses lack a functional heart but are passively perfused by arterial blood from their pump co-twin causing the acardiac body to be hypoxemic. In this report, we present an acardius anceps, therapeutically laser separated from its pump twin at 16 weeks.

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