The purpose of this study was to assess the oxygen tension in untreated human periodontal pockets and test the hypothesis that the subgingival environmental is anaerobic in nature. Twenty-six patients with advanced chronic inflammatory periodontal disease participated. A total of 111 untreated pockets, 5 to 10 mm in depth, were selected for the pO2 measurements. Pocket depths, Plaque-Index and Gingival-Index were recorded. The pO2 at the base of the 111 pockets ranged from 5 to 27 mm Hg, with an average of 13.3 mm Hg (1.8% O2). Mean pocket depth was 6.9 mm. Moderately deep pockets (5-6 mm) had a mean pO2 of 15.0 mm Hg, whereas deep pockets (7-10 mm) showed a significantly lower pO2 of 11.6 mm Hg. No correlation was found between the pO2 and the Plaque-Index. Higher Gingival-Index scores tended to be associated with higher pO2 values. The pO2 in untreated periodontal pockets was low. However, it does not represent a completely anaerobic environment. Deep pockets contained less oxygen than moderately deep sites.
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