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Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy for bladder cancer rarely leads to disseminated BCG infections, most of which occur early after BCG instillations or in immunocompromised patients. We report late-onset disseminated BCG infection after intravesical BCG immunotherapy in a non-immunocompromised patient. A 78-year-old non-immunocompromised man was admitted with fever and hepatosplenomegaly.

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Background: Increasing childhood vaccination, family planning, healthcare access, and women's empowerment are targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Barriers to healthcare access impede vaccination; tackling goals holistically could create larger gains than siloed efforts. We studied Nepal, Senegal, and Zambia to test the association between childhood vaccinations and other SDG indicators to identify clustered deprivations.

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This case report describes an 85-year-old patient who presented with painless, unilateral right testicular swelling of 2 months' duration. This raised the possibility of testicular cancer, especially given his recent treatment for bladder cancer, which included adjuvant intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy. This poses a diagnostic dilemma regarding tuberculosis (TB) of the testis, BCG complications or a true testicular malignancy.

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Background: Bladder cancer continues to be a significant health issue, leading to ongoing research into novel biomarkers and treatment strategies. This study aims to evaluate the potential of serum fibronectin levels and fibronectin gene polymorphisms as biomarkers for predicting the recurrence and treatment response in patients with NMIBC undergoing intravesical BCG therapy.

Methods: Between June 2022 and December 2022, data of 73 patients who applied to the Mersin University Urology Clinic due to NMIBC and were followed and treated in our clinic, receiving intravesical BCG treatment, when necessary, as well as 56 individuals without any malignancy, were prospectively examined.

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According to the current definitions of recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), patients in the BCG-exposed and late relapse categories might benefit from further instillations. Patients with BCG-unresponsive disease could be included in clinical trials, but otherwise radical cystectomy is the preferred treatment. BCG-intolerant disease still represents an area of debate, with limited evidence regarding the best treatment for these patients.

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