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Relationship Between Intraocular Pressure and the True Rate of Functional and Structural Progression in the United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
January 2025
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
Purpose: To investigate the effect of average intraocular pressure (IOP) on the true rate of glaucoma progression (RoP) in the United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study (UKGTS).
Methods: UKGTS participants were randomized to placebo or Latanoprost drops and monitored for up to two years with visual field tests (VF, 24-2 SITA standard), IOP measurements, and optic nerve imaging. We included eyes with at least three structural or functional assessments (VF with <15% false-positive errors).
Radiosynthesis and evaluation of novel F labeled PET ligands for imaging monoacylglycerol lipase.
Eur J Med Chem
January 2025
Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States. Electronic address:
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a 33 kDa cytosolic serine hydrolase that is widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAGL hydrolyzes monoacylglycerols into fatty acids and glycerol, playing a crucial role in endocannabinoid degradation. Inhibition of MAGL in the brain elevates levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol and leads to decreased pro-inflammatory prostaglandin and thromboxane production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAndrogens induce renal synthesis of urinary lipocalin-family protein, a potential inter-sexual transmitter in viviparous rockfish.
Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj
January 2025
Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan. Electronic address:
In viviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), the kidney of reproductive-phase males actively produces lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase homolog (LPGDSh) protein, which is presumably involved in inter-sexual communication when emitted in the urine. The present study was undertaken to discover whether androgens and their nuclear receptors (Ars) are engaged in regulation of renal LPGDSh protein synthesis in black rockfish. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, in conjunction with immunohistochemistry and highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, revealed that intra-abdominal administration of a synthetic androgen, 17α-methyltestosterone (MT), to juvenile black rockfish induced their renal expression of LPGDSh transcript and protein.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA descriptive summary of the WHO availability assessments of medical abortion medicines in eight African countries.
Reprod Health
December 2024
UNDP‑UNFPA‑UNICEF‑WHO‑World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
Background: The use of medical abortion using either a combination of mifepristone and misoprostol, or misoprostol alone has contributed to increased safety and decreased mortality and morbidity. The availability of quality medical abortion medicines is an essential component in the provision of quality abortion care. Understanding the factors that influence the availability of medical abortion medicines is important to help in-country policymakers, program planners, and providers improve availability and use of medical abortion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain energy homeostasis: the evolution of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis.
Korean J Physiol Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
The brain's substantial metabolic requirements, consuming a substantial fraction of the body's total energy despite its relatively small mass, necessitate sophisticated metabolic mechanisms for efficient energy distribution and utilization. The astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) hypothesis has emerged as a fundamental framework explaining the metabolic cooperation between astrocytes and neurons, whereby astrocyte-derived lactate serves as a crucial energy substrate for neurons. This review synthesizes current understanding of brain energy metabolism, focusing on the dual roles of lactate as both an energy substrate and a signaling molecule.
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