Urinary kallikrein excretion was measured in 43 children, mean age 8 years, who had the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) during the first year of life. Twenty eight were normotensive and fifteen hypertensive. We found no difference in urinary kallikrein excretion between the normotensive and hypertensive groups. Twenty three of these children received a combination of 1 mg/kg/day of hydrochlorothiazide plus amiloride for ten days. 14 of these patients were normotensive and 9 hypertensive. The rate of kallikrein excretion did not change in the hypertensive children whereas normotensive children had a three fold increase following administration of the diuretic. The different behaviour of kallikrein excretion in both groups may reflect a change in the reactive capabilities of the vasodilator system in this form of hypertension.
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