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Association between phthalate exposure and risk of allergic rhinitis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol
September 2024
College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea.
Phthalates are ubiquitous in diverse environments and have been linked to a myriad of detrimental health outcomes. However, the association between phthalate exposure and allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between phthalate exposure and childhood AR risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolyhexamethylene guanidine aerosol causes irreversible changes in blood proteins that associated with the severity of lung injury.
J Hazard Mater
October 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a positively charged polymer used as a disinfectant that kills microbes but can cause pulmonary fibrosis if inhaled. After the long-term risks were confirmed in South Korea, it became crucial to measure toxicity through diverse surrogate biomarkers, not only proteins, especially after these hazardous chemicals had cleared from the body. These biomarkers, identified by their biological functions rather than simple numerical calculations, effectively explained the imbalance of pulmonary surfactant caused by fibrosis from PHMG exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA systematic review and BMD modeling approach to develop an AOP for humidifier disinfectant-induced pulmonary fibrosis and cell death.
Chemosphere
September 2024
College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - The study focuses on developing an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for humidifier disinfectant (HD) substances in South Korea, utilizing in vitro data to assess their health risks and establish dose-response relationships.
- - Researchers analyzed 193 sets of toxicological data from published studies on HD substances and evaluated the risk of bias, estimating benchmark doses (BMD) for different toxicity endpoints using EPA software.
- - Key findings revealed that certain HD substances, like PHMG-p and CMIT/MIT, induce critical biological effects such as ATP depletion and oxidative stress, potentially leading to severe health issues, thus aiding in more informed risk assessments for these chemicals.
Toxicological evidence integration to confirm the biological plausibility of the association between humidifier disinfectant exposure and respiratory diseases using the AEP-AOP framework.
Epidemiol Health
July 2024
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
Objectives: Exposure to humidifier disinfectants has been linked to respiratory diseases, including interstitial lung disease, asthma, and pneumonia. Consequently, numerous toxicological studies have explored respiratory damage as both a necessary and sufficient condition for these diseases. We systematically reviewed and integrated evidence from toxicological studies by applying the evidence integration method established in previous research to confirm the biological plausibility of the association between exposure and disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNext generation risk assessment of biocides (PHMG-p and CMIT/MIT)-induced pulmonary fibrosis using adverse outcome pathway-based transcriptome analysis.
J Hazard Mater
September 2024
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea. Electronic address:
Next-generation risk assessment (NGRA) has emerged as a promising alternative to non-animal studies owing to the increasing demand for the risk assessment of inhaled toxicants. In this study, NGRA was used to assess the inhalation risks of two biocides commonly used as humidifier disinfectants: polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p) and chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT). Human bronchial epithelial cell transcriptomic data were processed based on adverse outcome pathways and used to establish transcriptome-based points of departure (tPODs) for each biocide.
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