The effect of emotional painful stress on myocardial distensibility and contractility was studied on an isolated papillary muscle of the rat left ventricle. The EPS resulted in decreased distensibility and depressed amplitude of papillary muscle contraction. These disturbances are suggested to play the main role in the development of heart insufficiency under stressful situations.
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Diagn Pathol
January 2025
Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, India, Manipal, 576104.
Background: Muscle-invasive bladder carcinomas (MIBCs) exhibit significant heterogeneity, with diverse histopathological features associated with varied prognosis and therapeutic response. Although genomic profiling studies have identified several molecular subtypes of MIBC, two basic molecular subtypes are identified - luminal and basal, differing in biological behaviour and response to treatment. As molecular subtyping is complex, surrogate immunohistochemical (IHC) markers have been used to determine the molecular subtypes with good correlation to genomic profiling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cardiovasc Dev Dis
December 2024
Niculae Stancioiu Heart Institute, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Background: Papillary muscles are structures integrated into the mitral valve apparatus, having both electrical and mechanical roles. The importance of the papillary muscles (PM) is mainly related to cardiac arrhythmias and mitral regurgitation. The aim of this review is to offer an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the papillary muscles, along with their involvement in cardiovascular pathologies, including arrhythmia development in various conditions and their contribution to secondary mitral regurgitation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBJR Case Rep
January 2025
Unità Operativa di Radiologia, Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S., Milan 20122, Italy.
A 19-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with arrhythmia and signs of cardiogenic shock. After a 12-lead electrocardiogram ruled out acute myocardial infarction, and cardiac magnetic resonance showed no sign of cardiomyopathy, cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) was performed, displaying ostial atresia of the right coronary artery. She was thus referred to a specialist centre for congenital cardiovascular disease, where an electrophysiological study observed an arrhythmogenic focus on the posteromedial papillary muscle, which was ablated, and she has been asymptomatic since.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Cardiovasc Imaging
January 2025
Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari - Polo di Monserrato s.s. 554 Monserrato (Cagliari), Monserrato, 09045, Italy.
The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of papillary muscle (PPM) infarction on left atrial and ventricular strain parameters in patients with non-anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NA-STEMI) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). This retrospective study performed CMR scans on 88 consecutive patients with NA-STEMI (68 males, 65 ± 10.05 years).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUrol Oncol
January 2025
Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Treatment options for recurrent high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) are limited, highlighting a need for clinically effective, accessible, and better-tolerated alternatives. In this review we examine the clinical development program of TAR-200, a novel targeted releasing system designed to provide sustained intravesical delivery of gemcitabine to address the needs of patients with NMIBC and of those with MIBC. We describe the concept and design of TAR-200 and the clinical development of this gemcitabine intravesical system in the SunRISe portfolio of studies.
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