The study was concerned with assay of levels of 11- HOCS in blood and adrenal tissues and antibody-producing cells in the spleen as well as spontaneous rosette-formation by blood thymic and splenic lymphocytes in the course of carcinogenesis induced in experimental animals by nitrosodimethylamine treatment. Heightening of adrenal cortical function was registered at two stages: at an early stage of carcinogenesis--two months after nitrosodimethylamine treatment, and during tumor progression--after 7 months. Cellular immunity inhibition was observed at the said periods.
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Toxicol Sci
January 2025
National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
Several potent carcinogenic nitrosamines, including N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), induce micronuclei in the micronucleated hepatocyte (MNHEP) assay but not in the micronucleated reticulocyte (MNRET) assay. However, the MNHEP assay is not as frequently used as the MNRET assay for evaluating in vivo genotoxicity. The present study evaluated MN formation in the liver of Big Blue transgenic rats exposed to four small-molecule nitrosamines, NDMA, N-nitrosodiisopropylamine (NDIPA), N-nitrosoethylisoporpylamine (NEIPA), and N-nitrosomethylphenylamine (NMPA), using a repeat-dose protocol typically used for in vivo mutagenicity studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicology
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr. A.L.M. Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India.
Experimental animal models are crucial for elucidating the pathophysiology of liver injuries and for assessing new hepatoprotective agents. Drugs and chemicals such as acetaminophen, isoniazid, valproic acid, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride (CCl), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), and thioacetamide (TAA) are metabolized by the CYP2E1 enzyme, producing hepatotoxic metabolites that lead to both acute and chronic liver injuries. In experimental settings, acetaminophen (centrilobular necrosis), carbamazepine (centrilobular necrosis and inflammation), sodium valproate (necrosis, hydropic degeneration and mild inflammation), methotrexate (sinusoidal congestion and inflammation), and TAA (centrilobular necrosis and inflammation) are commonly used to induce various types of acute liver injuries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
November 2024
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address:
Sulfate radical (SO) advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) are efficient for degrading a broad spectrum of contaminants. This study demonstrates that the existence of environmentally relevant concentrations of nitrite (NO) can lead to the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a probable human carcinogen, when heat activated peroxydisulfate (heat/PDS) is applied to address contaminants with dimethylamine moieties, such as tetracyclines. NO effectively competes with tetracyclines for SO at a high second-order reaction rate constant of 8.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Water Health
November 2024
School of Health Sciences, American Public University, American Military University, 303 W 3rd Ave, Ranson, West Virginia 23438, USA.
Maine is a largely rural state where nearly half of the population uses drinking water from private wells. Arsenic (As) is present in some Maine groundwater, has been linked to cancer, and a lack of testing and treatment may expose people with private wells to elevated As levels. Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) include known and suspected carcinogens that form when chlorine or chloramines are added to water.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
November 2024
Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
N-nitrosamines such as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) have been established as potent carcinogens that can induce diverse types of cancer. Several studies have extensively investigated the accurate quantification of total N-nitrosamines (TONO) and the intricate nature of the matrix in which they are detected. The potential for the formation of N-nitrosamines in post-combustion CO capture (PCCC) and water treatment has raised concerns.
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