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Evoking stable and precise tactile sensations via multi-electrode intracortical microstimulation of the somatosensory cortex.
Nat Biomed Eng
December 2024
Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Tactile feedback from brain-controlled bionic hands can be partially restored via intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the primary somatosensory cortex. In ICMS, the location of percepts depends on the electrode's location and the percept intensity depends on the stimulation frequency and amplitude. Sensors on a bionic hand can thus be linked to somatotopically appropriate electrodes, and the contact force of each sensor can be used to determine the amplitude of a stimulus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNREM sleep improves behavioral performance by desynchronizing cortical circuits.
Science
November 2024
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
Sleep improves cognitive performance, yet little is known about the neural mechanisms of this improvement. We performed multielectrode recording in macaque visual and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while animals performed a visual discrimination task before and after non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Although sleep induces synchronized fluctuations in population activity across cortical areas, the post-sleep population activity became more desynchronized relative to the pre-sleep state.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantifying physical degradation alongside recording and stimulation performance of 980 intracortical microelectrodes chronically implanted in three humans for 956-2246 days.
medRxiv
September 2024
Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Motivation: The clinical success of brain-machine interfaces depends on overcoming both biological and material challenges to ensure a long-term stable connection for neural recording and stimulation. Therefore, there is a need to quantify any damage that microelectrodes sustain when they are chronically implanted in the human cortex.
Methods: Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we imaged 980 microelectrodes from Neuroport arrays chronically implanted in the cortex of three people with tetraplegia for 956-2246 days.
Neuroelectrophysiology-compatible electrolytic lesioning.
Elife
September 2024
Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
Lesion studies have historically been instrumental for establishing causal connections between brain and behavior. They stand to provide additional insight if integrated with multielectrode techniques common in systems neuroscience. Here, we present and test a platform for creating electrolytic lesions through chronically implanted, intracortical multielectrode probes without compromising the ability to acquire neuroelectrophysiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPseudo-linear Summation explains Neural Geometry of Multi-finger Movements in Human Premotor Cortex.
bioRxiv
October 2023
Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University.
How does the motor cortex combine simple movements (such as single finger flexion/extension) into complex movements (such hand gestures or playing piano)? Motor cortical activity was recorded using intracortical multi-electrode arrays in two people with tetraplegia as they attempted single, pairwise and higher order finger movements. Neural activity for simultaneous movements was largely aligned with linear summation of corresponding single finger movement activities, with two violations. First, the neural activity was normalized, preventing a large magnitude with an increasing number of moving fingers.
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