The main principles are stated of carrying out a cytogenetic examination of human populations on the basis of critical analysis of data from literature and the authors' own experience in this field. The method for estimation of sister chromatid exchanges is shown expedient to be used together with the chromosome aberration analysis in carrying out cytogenetic examinations. Statistically ascertained approaches are adduced to select the necessary amount of persons examined in groups and the number of cells for analysis when using methods for estimation of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations.
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