The purpose of this document is to provide general considerations for the selection and evaluation of clinical chemistry kits in laboratories with limited resources. Separate documents have been developed to provide guidance on experimental procedure, the statistical treatment and interpretation of the data and criteria for acceptable performance of diagnostic kits designed to measure specific analytes.
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Viruses
December 2024
Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden.
The tick-borne encephalitis virus is a pathogen endemic to northern Europe and Asia, transmitted through bites from infected ticks. It is a member of the family and possesses a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome encoding a polypeptide that is processed into seven non-structural and three structural proteins, including the envelope (E) protein. The glycosylation of the E protein, involving a single N-linked glycan at position N154, plays a critical role in viral infectivity and pathogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital, 40255 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Clinical studies show that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination sometimes entails a severe and disabling chronic syndrome termed post-acute-COVID-19-vaccination syndrome (PACVS). PACVS shares similarities with long COVID. Today, PACVS is still not officially recognised as a disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
Background/objectives: The MHCII-dependent, CD4+ T-cell zwitterionic polysaccharide PS A1 has been investigated as a promising carrier for vaccine development because it can induce an MHCII-dependent CD4+ response towards a variety of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs). However, PS A1 cannot elicit cytotoxic T lymphocytes through MHCI, which may or may not hamper its potential clinical use in cancer, infectious and viral vaccine development. This paper addresses PS A1 MHCI independence through the introduction of an MHCI epitope, the poliovirus (PV) peptide, to establish an MHCI- and MHCII-dependent vaccine.
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November 2024
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
: HBV infections can lead to serious liver complications that can have fatal consequences. In 2022, around 1.1 million individuals died from HBV-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
Nuclear medicine imaging (NMI) is essential for the diagnosis and sensing of various diseases; however, challenges persist regarding image quality and accessibility during NMI-based treatment. This paper reviews the use of deep learning methods for generating synthetic nuclear medicine images, aimed at improving the interpretability and utility of nuclear medicine protocols. We discuss advanced image generation algorithms designed to recover details from low-dose scans, uncover information hidden by specific radiopharmaceutical properties, and enhance the sensing of physiological processes.
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