Sixteen dummies wearing seat belts were exposed to an impact of 50 km/h. Their clothing was examined for traces of melting and other textile changes caused by the seat belt. Such marks were found in the thorax area in 87.5% of the cases and in the pelvis area in 44%. They were located at protruding parts of the body, i.e., parts exposed to high pressure caused by the seat belt.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200286 | DOI Listing |
Sensors (Basel)
November 2024
SDU Health of Informatics, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
This study introduces a novel seatbelt-integrated, non-invasive, beam-focusing metamaterial sensing system characterized by its thinness and flexibility. The system comprises a flexible transmitarray lens and an FMCW radar sensor, enabling the accurate detection and analysis of seatbelt usage and positioning through human tissue. The metasurface design remains effective even when subjected to different bending angles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
November 2024
Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail, Montréal, QC H3A 3C2, Canada.
Induction-based breathing sensors in automobiles enable unobtrusive respiratory rate monitoring as an indicator of a driver's alertness and health. This paper introduces a quantitative method based on signal quality to guide the integration of textile inductive electrodes in automotive applications. A case study with a simplified setup illustrated the ability of the method to successfully provide basic design rules about where and how to integrate the electrodes on seat belts and seat backs to gather good quality respiratory signals in an automobile.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biomech Eng
March 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060.
Crash avoidance vehicle maneuvers are known to influence occupant posture and kinematics which consequently may influence injury risks in the event of a crash. In this work, a generic buck vehicle finite element (FE) model was developed which included the vehicle interior and the front passenger airbag (PAB). Seat position and occupant characteristics including anthropometry, sex, and age were varied in a design of experiments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraffic Inj Prev
November 2024
ProBiomechanics LLC, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.
Objective: This study compared kinematic and biomechanic responses of the 5 female Hybrid III in the right-rear and right-front passenger seats in frontal NCAP tests with 2015-16 MY vehicles. It focused on the lap-shoulder belt restraint of the rear passenger.
Methods: Eleven frontal NCAP tests were conducted by NHTSA at 56 km/h with a lap-shoulder belted 5 Hybrid III dummy in the right-rear and right-front seats.
Accid Anal Prev
January 2025
Institute of Transport Economics, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address:
Violations of road traffic law are widespread in all countries. Probably the most common violation is speeding. It is not uncommon that 50 % of vehicles are speeding.
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