While depression is a commonly discussed condition, mania is rarely mentioned. Subjectively, this disorder is associated with less incapacitating complaints, but it may have a more troublesome effect on the patient and the people around him than most mental illnesses. This article therefore presents a practice-oriented overview of the manic syndrome and its consequences: the term, its definition, age and sex distribution, mental and physical symptoms, psychosocial consequences, aspects of differential diagnosis, information for relatives and the family doctor, aspects of criminal and civil law, are discussed.
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Behav Sci (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazza Aldo Moro, 100165 Rome, Italy.
Bipolar disorder is a debilitating psychiatric condition characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression, affecting millions worldwide. While pharmacotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment, a significant proportion of patients exhibit inadequate response or intolerable side effects to conventional medications. In recent years, neuromodulation techniques have emerged as promising adjunctive or alternative treatments for bipolar disorder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Psychiatry, Psychiatrisch Ziekenhuis Asster, Sint-Truiden, BEL.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is widely recognized as a safe and effective intervention for treating severe affective episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. However, it can sometimes precipitate unexpected manic phases in patients treated for a depressive episode, a phenomenon known as ECT-induced mania. While this occurrence is recognized, it remains poorly understood and minimally addressed in the literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol
January 2025
Director of Co-Founder and Founder of Schizophrenia Society, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Bipolar disorder often begins in adolescence or early adulthood, characterized by recurrent manic episodes that can lead to neurodegenerative brain changes and functional decline. While several oral second-generation antipsychotics are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for mania, adherence to maintenance treatment is frequently poor due to factors such as anosognosia, cognitive dysfunction, impulsivity, side effects aversion, and substance use. Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics, approved for adults with bipolar mania or schizoaffective disorder (bipolar type), offer a potential solution for adolescents with similar conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Importance: Mania/hypomania is the pathognomonic feature of bipolar disorder (BD). As BD is often misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD), replicable neural markers of mania/hypomania risk are needed for earlier BD diagnosis and pathophysiological treatment development.
Objective: To replicate the previously reported positive association between left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) activity during reward expectancy (RE) and mania/hypomania risk, to explore the effect of MDD history on this association, and to compare RE-related left vlPFC activity in individuals with and at risk of BD.
Front Psychiatry
December 2024
West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Background: Psychiatric illness is thought to be a brain somatic crosstalk disorder. However, the existing phenomenology-based Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic framework overlooks various dimensions other than symptoms. In this study, we investigated the associations between peripheral blood test indexes with various symptom levels of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) to explore the availability of peripheral blood test indexes.
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