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Executive functions, including working memory, are typically assessed clinically with neuropsychological instruments. In contrast, computerized tasks are used to test these cognitive functions in laboratory human and animal studies. Little is known of how neural activity captured by laboratory tasks relates to ability measured by clinical instruments and, by extension, clinical diagnoses of pathological conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubjective visual sensitivity in neurotypical adults: insights from a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Front Neurosci
September 2024
First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how individual differences in subjective visual sensitivity, which causes discomfort from intense visual stimuli, relate to neurotransmitters like glutamate and GABA in healthy participants.
- While men and women experienced different levels of visual distortions, women reported more discomfort, with factors like the menstrual cycle influencing comfort scores.
- Overall, the research suggests that baseline neurotransmitter levels may not significantly affect visual sensitivity, but biological sex plays an important role in how individuals react to visual stimuli.
Temporal progression of sleep electroencephalography features in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder.
J Sleep Res
September 2024
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Article Synopsis
- Previous studies found that patients with isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) have distinct changes in their EEG patterns.
- The current study aimed to track how these EEG features change over time by comparing 23 iRBD patients to 23 controls over an average of 4 years.
- Initial findings showed that while iRBD patients had abnormal EEG characteristics at the start (like slowed brain activity), these differences diminished over time, indicating the need for more longitudinal research to understand these changes as potential indicators of neurodegeneration.
Evaluation of the geometric and dosimetric accuracies of deformable image registration of targets and critical organs in prostate CBCT-guided adaptive radiotherapy.
J Appl Clin Med Phys
November 2024
Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Purpose: Kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography (kVCBCT)-guided adaptive radiation therapy (ART) uses daily deformed CT (dCT), which is generated automatically through deformable registration methods. These registration methods may perform poorly in reproducing volumes of the target organ, rectum, and bladder during treatment. We analyzed the registration errors between the daily kVCBCTs and corresponding dCTs for these organs using the default optical flow algorithm and two registration procedures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDigital assessment of cognitive-affective biases related to mental health.
PLOS Digit Health
August 2024
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
With an increasing societal need for digital therapy solutions for poor mental health, we face a corresponding rise in demand for scientifically validated digital contents. In this study we aimed to lay a sound scientific foundation for the development of brain-based digital therapeutics to assess and monitor cognitive effects of social and emotional bias across diverse populations and age-ranges. First, we developed three computerized cognitive tasks using animated graphics: 1) an emotional flanker task designed to test attentional bias, 2) an emotional go-no-go task to measure bias in memory and executive function, and 3) an emotional social evaluation task to measure sensitivity to social judgments.
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