The authors report the case of a 19 m. old girl developing a Lyell syndrome associated with a S. aureus belonging to phage group I-III. A survey of the literature is made: the toxic exfoliation is not a characteristic of S. aureus, phage group II. It seems that there are two different toxins for which some physicochemical features are well known. An immunologic immune deficiency is frequently observed in adults. The child reported, manifested some signs of depressed cellular immunity.
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