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Trehalose enhances macrophage autophagy to promote myelin debris clearance after spinal cord injury.
Cell Biosci
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
Background: Myelin-laden foamy macrophages accumulate extensively in the lesion epicenter, exhibiting characteristics of autophagolysosomal dysfunction, which leads to prolonged inflammatory responses after spinal cord injury (SCI). Trehalose, known for its neuroprotective properties as an autophagy inducer, has yet to be fully explored for its potential to mitigate foamy macrophage formation and exert therapeutic effects in the context of SCI.
Results: We observed that trehalose significantly enhances macrophage phagocytosis and clearance of myelin in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.
TAD-SIE: sample size estimation for clinical randomized controlled trials using a Trend-Adaptive Design with a Synthetic-Intervention-Based Estimator.
Trials
January 2025
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544, NJ, USA.
Background: Phase-3 clinical trials provide the highest level of evidence on drug safety and effectiveness needed for market approval by implementing large randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, 30-40% of these trials fail mainly because such studies have inadequate sample sizes, stemming from the inability to obtain accurate initial estimates of average treatment effect parameters.
Methods: To remove this obstacle from the drug development cycle, we present a new algorithm called Trend-Adaptive Design with a Synthetic-Intervention-Based Estimator (TAD-SIE) that powers a parallel-group trial, a standard RCT design, by leveraging a state-of-the-art hypothesis testing strategy and a novel trend-adaptive design (TAD).
From micro to macro, nanotechnology demystifies acute pancreatitis: a new generation of treatment options emerges.
J Nanobiotechnology
January 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a disease characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the pancreas. This is caused by the abnormal activation of pancreatic enzymes by a variety of etiologic factors, which results in a localized inflammatory response. The symptoms of this disease include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting and fever.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUrban fruit bats give birth earlier in the season compared to rural fruit bats.
BMC Biol
January 2025
School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Background: Urbanization is rapidly altering our ecosystem. While most wild species refrain from entering urban habitats, some flourish in cities and adapt to the new opportunities these offer. Urban individuals of various species have been shown to differ in physiology, morphology, and behavior compared to their rural counterparts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmbient air pollution and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a global study between 1990 and 2019.
BMC Public Health
January 2025
Department of Urban Planning and Design, the University of Hong Kong, 8/F, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Background: Emerging research found air pollution may be associated with incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. However, few studies have examined these associations at the global scale. This study aimed to assess the dynamic associations between ambient air pollution and the burden of AD and other dementias worldwide.
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