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Assessing learning, behaviour, and stress level in goats while testing a virtual fencing training protocol.
Animal
December 2024
Venn Research Association for the Promotion of Virtual Fencing in Tyrol and the Alpine region. Brixnerstraße 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Virtual fencing (VF) is a modern fencing technology using Global Positioning System-enabled collars which emit acoustic signals and, if the animal does not respond, electric pulses. Studies with cattle indicate successful learning and no distinct negative impact on the animals' behaviours and stress level. However, the number of studies testing VF with goats is relatively small.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeat Transport Hysteresis Generated Through Frequency Switching of a Time-Dependent Temperature Gradient.
Entropy (Basel)
December 2024
Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
A stochastic energetics framework is applied to examine how periodically shifting the frequency of a time-dependent oscillating temperature gradient affects heat transport in a nanoscale molecular model. We specifically examine the effects that frequency switching, i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLoading rate, geometry, and damage state influence vertical extraction biomechanics in an ex vivo swine dental model.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol
January 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Introduction: Validated models describing the biomechanics of tooth extraction are scarce. This study seeks to perform experimental and numerical characterization of vertical tooth extraction biomechanics in swine incisors with imposed vertical extraction loads. Imaging analysis related mechanical outcomes to tooth geometry and applied loading rate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrecision and accuracy of the dynamic endocast method for measuring volume changes in XROMM studies.
J Exp Biol
January 2025
Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
The X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) workflow enables precise and accurate measurement of the 3D skeletal kinematics underlying animal behaviors. The dynamic endocast method built upon that workflow to measure the rate of volume change within a bounded region of interest. We measured the precision and accuracy of the dynamic endocast method, using a fish oropharyngeal cavity as a case study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrient Digestibility in Zoo-Kept Tapirs (Tapirus spp) as Compared to Other Herbivores.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl)
January 2025
Ruminant Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Tapirs are hindgut fermenters with a natural diet dominated by browse, with a certain proportion of wild fruit. By contrast, diets fed to tapirs in zoos are often dominated by domestic fruit and other sources of easily digestible carbohydrates, which have been linked to obesity and various health problems. We aimed at better understanding the digestive physiology of tapirs, measuring the digestive efficiency of 13 lowland (Tapirus terrestris) and five Malayan (Tapirus indicus) tapirs from five zoos on various zoo diets by recording intake and total faecal excretion.
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