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A Review on Curability of Cancers: More Efforts for Novel Therapeutic Options Are Needed.

Cancers (Basel)

November 2019

KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Faculty of Medicine, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Cancer remains a major cause of death globally. Given its relapsing and fatal features, curing cancer seems to be something hardly possible for the majority of patients. In view of the development in cancer therapies, this article summarizes currently available cancer therapeutics and cure potential by cancer type and stage at diagnosis, based on literature and database reviews.

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Background: We developed a fluorescent dye, indocyanine green (ICG)-sulfo-OSu, which was excited by infrared rays and conjugated to various antibodies. We attempted to clarify the staining patterns of antisulfomucin and anti-MUC1 antibodies in gastrointestinal cancer. We then evaluated the potential of the dye as a fluorescent label for antibodies specific to cancer, to be used as a diagnostic method for microcancer, with infrared fluorescence endoscopy.

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It becomes possible to establish a novel diagnostic method for micro-cancer by modulating the signals from the lesion, if lesions can be labeled with substances which can be detected by video endoscopy. The authors have already succeeded in synthesizing indocyanine green (ICG) derivatives for a fluorescent labeling substance which emits near-infrared rays. Before the antibodies labeled by these substances can be used, it is necessary to establish a method of vital immunohistochemical staining.

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Ninety-five specimens taken from 82 cases of superficial esophageal cancer limited within the submucosal layer were studied to clarify the developmental changes of early esophageal cancer. Esophageal epithelium was also open to cancerous or dysplastic changes. Cancers limited to the mucosal layer were grossly classified as follows.

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