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Ventilation and features of the lung environment dynamically alter modeled intrapulmonary aerosol exposure from inhaled electronic cigarettes.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1690, USA.
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) fundamentally differ from tobacco cigarettes in their generation of liquid-based aerosols. Investigating how e-cig aerosols behave when inhaled into the dynamic environment of the lung is important for understanding vaping-related exposure and toxicity. A ventilated artificial lung model was developed to replicate the ventilatory and environmental features of the human lung and study their impact on the characteristics of inhaled e-cig aerosols from simulated vaping scenarios.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImipenem pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in preclinical hollow fiber model, dose-finding in virtual patients, and clinical evidence of efficacy for Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease.
J Infect Dis
December 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA.
Background: Guideline-based therapy (GBT) for Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) lung disease achieves sputum culture conversion rates (SCC) of 35%. This poor GBT efficacy is mirrored in the hollow fiber system model of Mab (HFS-Mab). While imipenem is part of GBT, biological effect with or without β-lactamase inhibitors, is unproven.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Ventilated Three-Dimensional Artificial Lung System for Human Inhalation Exposure Studies.
Environ Sci Technol
December 2024
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
Traditional in vitro and in vivo models for inhalation toxicology studies often fail to replicate the anatomical and physiological conditions of the human lung. This limitation hinders our understanding of intrapulmonary exposures and their related health effects. To address this gap, we developed a ventilated artificial lung system that replicates human inhalation exposures in four key aspects: (1) facilitating continuous breathing with adjustable respiratory parameters; (2) distributing inhaled aerosols through transitional airflow fields in 3D-printed airway structures, which enables size-dependent particle deposition; (3) duplicating the warm and humid lung environment to promote inhaled aerosol dynamics, such as hygroscopic growth; and (4) supporting the cultivation of human airway epithelium for aerosol exposure and toxicological analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPericardial Effusion as a Presentation of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
Cureus
November 2024
Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Saúde de Braga, Braga, PRT.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, systemic neoplastic disease that primarily affects women of childbearing age. The disease can arise sporadically or in association with tuberous sclerosis. It is characterized by the proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle-like cells, leading to cystic lung destruction, accumulation of chylous fluid, and development of abdominal tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndividualized positive end-expiratory pressure in laparoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial.
Minerva Anestesiol
November 2024
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China -
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), based on driving pressure, impacts lung function after laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
- A total of 91 patients were randomly assigned to receive either individualized PEEP or a fixed PEEP, with the main focus being on postoperative functional residual capacity (FRC) and other pulmonary outcomes.
- Results showed that individualized PEEP significantly increased postoperative FRC and improved other measures of lung function compared to the fixed PEEP group, indicating its effectiveness in enhancing ventilation and oxygenation.
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