To conduct electroencephalographic investigations of stationary and moving objects a small-sized 4-channel amplifier built with integrated microcircuits has been developed. Each channel includes a pre-amplifier, main amplifier, calibrator, high and low frequency filters and a power pack. The adoption of integrated microcircuits enables it to locate the pre-amplifiers directly on the object of investigations. The device is highly sensitive and secures a greater degree of noise-protection.
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Curr Biol
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Electronic address:
Human and non-human primate studies clearly implicate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as critical for advanced cognitive functions. It is thought that intracortical synaptic architectures within the dlPFC are the integral neurobiological substrate that gives rise to these processes. In the prevailing model, each cortical column makes up one fundamental processing unit composed of dense intrinsic connectivity, conceptualized as the "canonical" cortical microcircuit.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNetw Neurosci
December 2024
Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Striatum, the input stage of the basal ganglia, is important for sensory-motor integration, initiation and selection of behavior, as well as reward learning. Striatum receives glutamatergic inputs from mainly cortex and thalamus. In rodents, the striatal projection neurons (SPNs), giving rise to the direct and the indirect pathway (dSPNs and iSPNs, respectively), account for 95% of the neurons, and the remaining 5% are GABAergic and cholinergic interneurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials (Basel)
December 2024
Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka, 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
In this work, we present an experimental approach for monitoring the temperature of submicrometric, real-time operating electrical circuits using luminescence thermometry. For this purpose, we utilized lanthanide-doped up-converting nanocrystals as nanoscale temperature probes, which, combined with a highly sensitive confocal photoluminescence microscope, enabled temperature monitoring with spatial resolution limited only by the diffraction of light. To validate our concept, we constructed a simple model of an electrical microcircuit based on a single silver nanowire with a diameter of approximately 100 nm and a length of about 50 µm, whose temperature increase was induced by electric current flow.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
December 2024
Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
One of the most fundamental laws of physics is the principle of least action. Motivated by its predictive power, we introduce a neuronal least-action principle for cortical processing of sensory streams to produce appropriate behavioral outputs in real time. The principle postulates that the voltage dynamics of cortical pyramidal neurons prospectively minimizes the local somato-dendritic mismatch error within individual neurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Struct Biotechnol J
December 2024
Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
While there is much knowledge about local neuronal circuitry, considerably less is known about how neuronal input is integrated and combined across neuronal networks to encode higher order brain functions. One challenge lies in the large number of complex neural interactions. Neural networks use oscillating activity for information exchange between distributed nodes.
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