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The quagga mussel, : a novel model for EcoEvoDevo, environmental research, and the applied sciences.
Front Cell Dev Biol
January 2025
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Unit for Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Bivalve mollusks are globally distributed in marine and freshwater habitats. While exhibiting a relatively uniform bodyplan that is characterized by their eponymous bivalved shell that houses the soft-bodied animal, many lineages have acquired unique morphological, physiological, and molecular innovations that account for their high adaptability to the various properties of aquatic environments such as salinity, flow conditions, or substrate composition. This renders them ideal candidates for studies into the evolutionary trajectories that have resulted in their diversity, but also makes them important players for research concerned with climate change-induced warming and acidification of aquatic habitats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMuscle-derived myostatin is a major endocrine driver of follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis.
Science
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Myostatin is a paracrine myokine that regulates muscle mass in a variety of species, including humans. In this work, we report a functional role for myostatin as an endocrine hormone that directly promotes pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and thereby ovarian function in mice. Previously, this FSH-stimulating role was attributed to other members of the transforming growth factor-β family, the activins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTowards a comprehensive definition of the human fascial system.
J Anat
January 2025
Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
The absence of a clear consensus on the definition and significance of fascia and the indiscriminate use of the term throughout the clinical and scientific literature has led to skepticism regarding its importance in the human body. To address this challenge, we propose that: (1) fasciae, and the fascial interstitia within them, constitute an anatomical system, defined as a layered body-wide multiscale network of connective tissue that allows tensional loading and shearing mobility along its interfaces; (2) the fascial system comprises four anatomical organs: the superficial fascia, musculoskeletal (deep) fascia, visceral fascia, and neural fascia; (3) these organs are further composed of anatomical structures, some of which are eponymous; (4) all these fascial organs and their structural components contain variable combinations and arrangements of the four classically defined tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural; (5) the overarching functions of the fascial system arise from the contrasting biomechanical properties of the two basic types of layers distributed throughout the system: one predominantly collagenous and relatively stiff, the other rich in hyaluronic acid and viscous, allowing for the free flow of fluid; (6) the topographical organization of these layers in different locations is related to local variations in function (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUtility of word embeddings from large language models in medical diagnosis.
J Am Med Inform Assoc
January 2025
Kennewick, WA 99338, United States.
Objective: This study evaluates the utility of word embeddings, generated by large language models (LLMs), for medical diagnosis by comparing the semantic proximity of symptoms to their eponymic disease embedding ("eponymic condition") and the mean of all symptom embeddings associated with a disease ("ensemble mean").
Materials And Methods: Symptom data for 5 diagnostically challenging pediatric diseases-CHARGE syndrome, Cowden disease, POEMS syndrome, Rheumatic fever, and Tuberous sclerosis-were collected from PubMed. Using the Ada-002 embedding model, disease names and symptoms were translated into vector representations in a high-dimensional space.
Eugene Hertoghe (1860-1928): Pioneer in endocrinology and the treatment of hypothyroidism.
J Med Biogr
January 2025
Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.
Eugène Hertoghe (1860-1928), a Belgian internist and former vice-president of the Royal Academy of Medicine of Belgium, made significant contributions to the understanding and treatment of chronic hypothyroidism. He provided a detailed clinical description of the condition, emphasizing its multisystemic manifestations and hereditary aspects. Hertoghe also documented the therapeutic use of thyroid extract, reporting its effectiveness in alleviating symptoms of hypothyroidism.
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