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Gut Microbiome and Bile Acid Interactions: Mechanistic Implications for Cholangiocarcinoma Development, Immune Resistance, and Therapy.
Am J Pathol
December 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia; Stravitz-Sanyal Institute for Liver Disease and Metabolic Health, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Electronic address:
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare but highly malignant carcinoma of bile duct epithelial cells with a poor prognosis. The major risk factors of CCA carcinogenesis and progression are cholestatic liver diseases. The key feature of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis is chronic cholestasis, which means a slowdown of hepatocyte secretion of biliary lipids and metabolites into bile as well as a slowdown of enterohepatic circulation (bile acid recirculation) of bile acids with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, which was shown to lead to enterohepatic recirculation and an increase of toxic secondary bile acids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPostcholecystectomy Gut Microbiome Changes and the Clinical Impact: A Systematic Review With Narrative Synthesis.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol
December 2024
Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
Background: Cholecystectomy (CCE) can affect the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and result in gut microbiome changes. This systematic review aimed to clarify the effect of CCE on gut microbiome composition and its clinical impact.
Method: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, combining keywords such as "cholecystectomy" or "post-cholecystectomy" with "gut microbiome," "stool microbiome," or "gut dysbiosis.
UV-aging process of titanium dioxide nanoparticles aggravates enterohepatic toxicity of bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate to zebrafish.
Sci Total Environ
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
The physicochemical characteristics of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO) may change during the aging process once discharged into aquatic environment. However, how the aging process affects their interactions with co-existing pollutants, as well as the joint toxicity has not been explored. This study investigated how UV-aging impacts n-TiO in aquatic environments and their interactions with bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), focusing on their joint toxicity in adult female zebrafish.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment and in vitro tuning of empagliflozin-containing dissolvable microneedle patch for enhanced transdermal delivery.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Mechanical Industrial and Energy Systems, College of Engineering and Technology (AIC), University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
This painless method allows drugs to penetrate the outer skin layer, offering several advantages over alternative administration routes, including ease of use and the ability to bypass enterohepatic circulation. Among transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), microneedle patches (MNPs) are emerging as an innovative approach for minimally invasive drug delivery, enhancing the skin permeation of substances ranging from macro to micro sizes. This study explores dissolvable microneedle patches (dMNPs) as a novel method to improve the systemic delivery of empagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor, commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGinsenosides From Panax ginseng Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Disorders in HFD-Fed Rats by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Cholesterol Metabolism Signaling Pathways.
Phytother Res
December 2024
Master Lab for Innovative Application of Nature Products, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.
A high-fat diet (HFD) is often associated with hepatic lipid metabolism disorders, leading to dysfunction in multiple body systems. Ginsenosides derived from Panax ginseng have been reported to possess potential effects in ameliorating lipid metabolism disorders; however, their underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently explored. This study aims to investigate the bioactivities of ginsenosides in combating lipid metabolism disorders and obesity, with a focus on their mechanisms involving the cholesterol metabolism signaling pathway and gut microbiota.
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