This article describes the anatomy and physiology of the fetal, transitional, and neonatal circulations and then reviews our current state of knowledge about the many factors that work in concert to govern pulmonary vascular resistance.
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Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), a zinc-dependent enzyme, plays a critical role in the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). As a member of the gelatinase subgroup of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2 is involved in a variety of physiological processes, including tissue repair, wound healing, angiogenesis, and embryogenesis. It is primarily responsible for the degradation of type IV and V collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and elastin, which are essential components of the ECM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure, with emerging evidence suggesting a key role for immune dysregulation in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to assess the involvement of lymphocytes, particularly regulatory T cells (Tregs), and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules PD-1 and PD-L1 on peripheral blood subpopulations in patients diagnosed with PAH. The study involved 25 patients; peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and subsequently analyzed using flow cytometry to quantify the Treg cell percentage and evaluate PD-1 and PD-L1 expression across the T and B cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician Kulakov V.I., 117997 Moscow, Russia.
Despite the increasing number of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) cases in recent years, its impact on neonatal outcomes and respiratory morbidity, as well as the underlying pathogenetic mechanism, has not yet been extensively studied. Moreover, no study has yet demonstrated the effectiveness of antenatal corticosteroid therapy (CT) for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns of mothers with PAS at the molecular level. In this regard, microRNA (miRNA) profiling by small RNA deep sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR was performed on 160 blood plasma samples from preterm infants (gestational age: 33-36 weeks) and their mothers who had been diagnosed with or without PAS depending on the timing of the antenatal RDS prophylaxis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicina (Kaunas)
December 2024
Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pneumology "Dr. Victor Babes", 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
: Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (extraPTB) presents unique clinical challenges due to dual inflammatory responses and potential differences in patient profiles compared to those with SARS-CoV-2 infection alone. This study uniquely contributes to the underexplored interaction between extraPTB and SARS-CoV-2, focusing on systemic inflammation as a critical determinant of outcomes. This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 123 patients aged 19-91 years, hospitalized at Victor Babeș Hospital in Timișoara from March 2020 to March 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicina (Kaunas)
December 2024
Department of Health Science, Anesthesia and ICU, School of Medicine, University of Basilicata San Carlo Hospital, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a complex, life-saving procedure that uses mechanical support for patients with refractory cardiac arrest, representing the pinnacle of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) applications. Effective ECPR requires precise patient selection, rapid mobilization of a multidisciplinary team, and skilled cannulation techniques. Establishing a program necessitates a cohesive ECMO system that promotes interdisciplinary collaboration, which is essential for managing acute cardiogenic shock and severe pulmonary failure.
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