Patient profile and effect of dietary therapy on post-transplant hyperlipidemia.

The effect of dietary therapy on the serum lipid profile was examined in 32 post-transplant patients. Patients were transplanted more than 4 months before the study and had stable renal function and no other condition affecting lipid metabolism. Serum lipid profiles were determined on two serum samples obtained after a 12-hour fast. Seventeen patients who had pre-transplant hyperlipidemia (HLP) had similar HLP after transplantation. Of the 14 patients with normal pre-transplant profiles, 9 remained normal and 5 developed HLP. Twelve patients with HLP received out-patient dietary therapy providing less than 500 mg of cholesterol, less than 35% of calories from fat, less than 50% of calories from carbohydrate, and a P:S ratio greater than 1. Maintenance calories were based on the Harris-Benedict standard except for 9 overweight patients who were given less. After 3 months of therapy, serum cholesterol and triglycerides decreased to normal in 8 of 9 patients in whom both were elevated before dietary treatment and were unchanged in one patient. In 3 patients who had normal triglyceride but elevated cholesterol levels before therapy, cholesterol decreased but remained above normal; triglyceride increased in one patient and remained normal in two. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased in all 12 patients and became normal in 11. Body weight fell in 11 of 12 patients receiving dietary therapy. Cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-C remained unchanged in 11 patients who did not undergo dietary treatment. Dietary therapy is a safe and effective way to treat post-transplant HLP.