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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the major mechanism responsible for spread of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic treatment has been suggested to promote HGT, either by directly affecting the conjugation process itself or by selecting for conjugations subsequent to DNA transfer. However, recent research suggests that the effect of antibiotic treatment on plasmid conjugation frequencies, and hence the spread of resistance plasmids, may have been overestimated.

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Food-Associated and Yeasts Inhibit the Genotoxic Effect of 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide.

Front Microbiol

November 2017

Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.

Article Synopsis
  • The study analyzed lactic acid bacteria and yeasts commonly found in foods that are eaten raw, focusing on their ability to survive in harsh digestive conditions and their potential health benefits, specifically against genotoxicity.* ! -
  • A total of 22 bacterial strains and 14 yeast strains were tested for their tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal environments, and most were able to survive these challenges, indicating their robustness.* ! -
  • Notably, many of these strains demonstrated a strong ability to inhibit the effects of a specific genotoxin, suggesting that these microorganisms could help protect against DNA damage in the gut, with implications for their safety and functionality in our diets.* !
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DNA damage checkpoints exist to promote cell survival and the faithful inheritance of genetic information. It is thought that one function of such checkpoints is to ensure that cell division does not occur before DNA damage is repaired. However, in unicellular organisms, rapid cell multiplication confers a powerful selective advantage, leading to a dilemma.

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Induction of transcription by the plasmid pKM101 (mutability mediating derivate of the plasmid R46) of the sfiA gene controlling cell division and of the fruA gene encoding the fructose specific enzyme II of the phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system in intact cultures of Escherichia coli was studied. The genes under study were fused to the bacteriophage Mu dl (Ap lac). Activation of the sfiA gene, a typical member of the SOS-regulon, was demonstrated to depend on the key genes of the SOS-system-recA and lexA.

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The effect of probiotics on the genotoxicity of furazolidone.

Int J Food Microbiol

July 2005

Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Kronvalda boulv. 4, Riga LV-1586, Latvia.

Antigenotoxic activity of probiotic bacteria against furazolidone was studied using the short-term bacterial assay SOS chromotest, with Escherichia coli PQ37 as the test organism. The supernatants from probiotic and furazolidone co-incubation exhibited rather strong suppression on SOS induction produced by furazolidone on E. coli PQ 37 (sfiA: lacZ).

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