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Acta Orthop Belg
December 2024
Due to the high incidence of proximal femoral fractures, classifications of these fractures are often used in daily practice. Most classifications are eponymous terms since they bear the name of the person(s) who developed them. In this study we provide an insight in the origin of the classifications and the background of their name givers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2025
Cultural Heritage Unit, Conservation Services Division, South African National Parks, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
The rise and spread of ancient Indian Ocean Rim (IOR) trade networks profoundly impacted southern Africa. Control over this trade played a critical role in the rise and maintenance of complex societies of the second millennium CE such as Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe. While the African origins of this trade lie in the first millennium CE, understanding its earliest phases and subsequent development in the far south has been hampered by a general paucity of research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2025
Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
The cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria is composed of a phospholipid bilayer made up of a diverse set of lipids. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is one of the principal constituents and its production is essential for growth in many bacteria. All the enzymes required for PG biogenesis in have been identified and characterized decades ago.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Comput Biol
January 2025
Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Efflux pumps that transport antibacterial drugs out of bacterial cells have broad specificity, commonly leading to broad spectrum resistance and limiting treatment strategies for infections. It remains unclear how efflux pumps can maintain this broad spectrum specificity to diverse drug molecules while limiting the efflux of other cytoplasmic content. We have investigated the origins of this broad specificity using theoretical models informed by the experimentally determined structural and kinetic properties of efflux pumps.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Physiol
January 2025
Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
The mechanisms linking maternal asthma (MA) exposure in utero and subsequent risk of asthma in childhood are not fully understood. Pathological airway remodelling, including reticular basement membrane thickening, has been reported in infants and children who go on to develop asthma later in childhood. This suggests altered airway development before birth as a mechanism underlying increased risk of asthma in children exposed in utero to MA.
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