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New developments in optometric training in the United Kingdom.
Clin Exp Optom
January 2025
School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
With optometrists well placed to address the challenges and opportunities faced by contemporary eye care systems, it is ever more important to understand the genesis and development of the profession, so that optometrists can continue to build on this legacy for patient benefit. While the optometry profession of optometry in the United Kingdom can arguably trace its foundation back to 1629 and the Royal Charter gifted by Charles I to the Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers to establish the 60 Livery Company of the City of London, the genesis of optometry as an independent profession (initially known as 'ophthalmic optics') can perhaps best be attributed to the formation of the British Optical Association in 1895. This paper reviews the current legal framework and recent changes that dictates how the optometry profession are trained and practice, along with clinical and educational innovations that are shaping the future role of the profession.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArtificial intelligence virtual assistants in primary eye care practice.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt
December 2024
Optometry and Vision Sciences Research Group, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
Purpose: To propose a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based virtual assistant trained on tabular clinical data that can provide decision-making support in primary eye care practice and optometry education programmes.
Method: Anonymised clinical data from 1125 complete optometric examinations (2250 eyes; 63% women, 37% men) were used to train different machine learning algorithm models to predict eye examination classification (refractive, binocular vision dysfunction, ocular disorder or any combination of these three options). After modelling, adjustment, mining and preprocessing (one-hot encoding and SMOTE techniques), 75 input (preliminary data, history, oculomotor test and ocular examinations) and three output (refractive, binocular vision status and eye disease) features were defined.
Digital eye strain and clinical correlates in older adults.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye
December 2024
Optometry and Vision Sciences Research Group, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
Purpose: To evaluate the screen time habits, associated symptoms and clinical characteristics of an older population (60 years and older) drawn from primary care optometry.
Methods: Consecutive patients aged 60 years and older, who used a digital device for at least 1 hour per day, attending for an eye examination at a primary care optometric practice in Dublin, Ireland, were invited to participate. The study gathered information regarding the participant's use of digital devices, the types of devices used and duration of use.
The popularity of focus tunable lenses has increased in the last decade. In this study we present an experimental optical characterization of a commercially available manually tunable lens to describe its behavior regarding optical aberrations, expressed in terms of Zernike coefficients, under different laboratory conditions. Measurements were performed by using a Shack-Hartmann aberrometer, and four different experiments were carried out in order to assess 1) the lens stability in time for a given temperature, 2) the temporal response of the lens, 3) the behavior of the lens when changing the room temperature, and 4) the possible influence of gravity on the lens performance according to its mounting orientation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResponse of Patients with Color Vision Defects to Worth 4-Dot and Duochrome Tests.
Healthcare (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Individuals with congenital color vision defects (CVDs) are at greater risk of misidentifying colors, necessitating an investigation into their ability to distinguish colors accurately. This study aimed to assess how individuals with CVDs perceive the colors in the Worth four-dot (W4D) and duochrome tests. It also explored whether individuals with CVDs require more detailed instructions from optometrists and eye care providers during these tests.
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