Linear or subgenomic SV40 DNAs were transfected into cells from a variety of species (including rodent, dog, muntjak, and monkey) and injected subcutaneously into neonate Syrian hamsters for tumorigenicity testing. The 'early-region' subgenomes were capable of transforming cells in vitro. Complete genomes or complementary subgenomes could transform nonpermissive and semipermissive cells, were infectious for permissive cells, and induced tumors from which infectious virus could be rescued. Tumors were not formed in neonate hamsters upon injection with subgenomic SV40 DNAs, even those capable of transforming cells in vitro. These results suggested that SV40 tumor formation in vivo may require a complete genome.
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