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Objectives: To describe changes in the volume and types of emergency medical services (EMS) calls for children during the COVID-19 pandemic and after availability of the COVID-19 vaccine ("reopening period").
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of EMS 9-1-1 responses to children under 18 years for all causes over a 4-year period (2019-2022) reported in the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) dataset. Data was stratified into three periods, Pre-pandemic, Pandemic and Reopening.
Characterization of spike S1/S2 processing and entry pathways of lentiviral pseudoviruses bearing seasonal human coronaviruses NL63, 229E, and HKU1 spikes.
Microbiol Spectr
January 2025
Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Although much has been learned about the entry mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many details of the entry mechanisms of seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) remain less well understood. In the present study, we used 293T cell lines stably expressing angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2), aminopeptidase N (APN), or transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), which support high-level transduction of lentiviral pseudoviruses bearing spike proteins of seasonal HCoVs, HCoV-NL63, -229E, or -HKU1, respectively, to compare spike processing and virus entry pathways among these viruses. Our results showed that the entry of HCoV-NL63, -229E, and -HKU1 pseudoviruses into cells is sensitive to endosomal acidification inhibitors (chloroquine and NHCl), indicating entry via the endocytosis route.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Babesiosis poses significant risks of adverse outcomes in individuals with immunocompromising conditions (IC) and asplenia/hyposplenia (AH). This study compares clinical outcomes between these vulnerable groups and immunocompetent patients.
Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study included adult patients with laboratory-confirmed babesiosis from 2009 to 2023.
Synthesis and biological investigation of peptidomimetic SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors bearing quinoline-based heterocycles at P.
Arch Pharm (Weinheim)
January 2025
Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
In the last few years, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the cause of a worldwide pandemic, highlighting the need for novel antiviral agents. The main protease (M) of SARS-CoV-2 was immediately identified as a crucial enzyme for viral replication and has been validated as a drug target. Here, we present the design and synthesis of peptidomimetic M covalent inhibitors characterized by quinoline-based P moieties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegulated microbe vaccines: from concept to (pre-clinical) reduction to practice.
Expert Rev Vaccines
January 2025
Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
Introduction: Vaccines to prevent important infections involving, e.g. influenza viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome-causing coronaviruses (e.
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