In a cell-free system containing isolated nuclei and microsomal-cytoplasmic brain fraction there takes place a spontaneous puromycin-sensitive increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of microsomes. As a result of preincubating the system with acetylcholine (ACh) (10(-6)-10(-3) M), AChE activity of microsomes was found to be increased, reaching the maximal value at an ACh concentration of 10(-5) M (25% during 60 min incubation). The effect of ACh was not detectable in the presence of actinomycin D and puromycin. Upon removal of the nuclei from the system, preincubation with ACh produces a lowering of AChE activity in microsomes. cAMP and cGMP reduce AChE activity of microsomes in a complete system. The results obtained enable one to consider acetylcholine regulation of microsomal AChE level in nerve cells as a multi-component system. The main component in the system is a direct action of ACh on the synthesis of AChE gene product or on its processing, while the other components (cyclic nucleotides and effect of ACh itself on translation) are elements of correction.
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