The frequency distributions of energy deposition in microscopic volumes for proton beams of various energies and energy spreads were determined by means of a "rossi type" proportional counter. Tissue equivalent spherical volumes of 0.6, 0.72, 0.80, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00 micrometer diameter were simulated. Frequency distributions of energy deposition per unit pathlength are reported and their behavior as a function of the simulated pathlength, beam energy and energy spread is discussed. The results indicate that energy deposition distributions in microscopic volumes for protons in the range 8-31 MeV are skewsymmetric distributions with a tail on the high energy side, and that degraded beams behave differently from monoenergetic ones. Dose mean lineal energy values have been quoted for beams used in radiobiological experiments.
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Rev Sci Instrum
January 2025
High Enthalpy Flow Diagnostics Group (HEFDiG), Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 29, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
A novel solid electrolyte sensor with considerably improved response times is presented. The new so-called eFIPEX [etched flux (Φ) probe experiment] is based on the FIPEX [flux (Φ) probe experiment] sensor applied for the measurement of molecular and atomic oxygen concentrations. A main application is the measurement of atmospheric atomic oxygen aboard sounding rockets up to altitudes of 250 km.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDalton Trans
January 2025
Department of Solid State Sciences, CoCooN research group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S1), 9000 Gent, Belgium.
Phosphorous-containing materials are used in a wide array of fields, from energy conversion and storage to heterogeneous catalysis and biomaterials. Among these materials, organic-inorganic metal phosphonate solids and thin films present an interesting option, due to their remarkable thermal and chemical stability. Yet, the synthesis of phosphonate hybrids by vapour phase thin film deposition techniques remains largely unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is not restricted to amyloid-beta, Aβ, and tau pathologies but involves dysregulation in diverse cellular and molecular processes. Numerous metabolomic studies revealed plasma metabolite alterations in AD individuals compared to healthy controls. Nevertheless, plasma P-tau181, an established biomarker for AD diagnosis and prognosis, has been described to reflect initial multiple cortical region Aβ deposition in cognitively intact adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
Potassium metal batteries are emerging as a promising high-energy density storage solution, valued for their cost-effectiveness and low electrochemical potential. However, understanding the role of potassiphilic sites in nucleation and growth remains challenging. This study introduces a single-atom iron, coordinated by nitrogen atoms in a 3D hierarchical porous carbon fiber (Fe─N-PCF), which enhances ion and electron transport, improves nucleation and diffusion kinetics, and reduces energy barriers for potassium deposition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem B
January 2025
Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
The light-harvesting pigment-protein complex II (LHCII) from plants can be used as a component for biohybrid photovoltaic devices, acting as a photosensitizer to increase the photocurrent generated when devices are illuminated with sunlight. LHCII is effective at photon absorption in the red and blue regions of the visible spectrum, however, it has low absorption in the green region (550-650 nm). Previous studies have shown that synthetic chromophores can be used to fill this spectral gap and transfer additional energy to LHCII, but it was uncertain whether this would translate into an improved performance for photovoltaics.
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