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Phenylacetylglycine (PAGly) is a small molecule derived from phenylalanine in the gut glycine degradation and conjugation. It has been associated with both the progression of atherosclerosis and protective effects on the myocardium. This study evaluated the function and the underlying mechanisms of PAGly in a rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model.

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Biased agonism in G protein-coupled receptors is a phenomenon resulting in the selective activation of distinct intracellular signaling pathways by different agonists, which may exhibit bias toward either Gs, Gi, or arrestin-mediated pathways. This study investigates the structural basis of ligand-induced biased agonism within the context of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR). Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were conducted for β-AR complexes with two stereoisomers of methoxynaphtyl fenoterol (MNFen), that is, compounds eliciting qualitatively different cellular responses.

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Article Synopsis
  • Asthma and COPD are common respiratory issues, and a new combination drug of Ipratropium and Fenoterol has been developed for symptom management.
  • Researchers created three innovative, cost-effective spectrophotometric methods to accurately measure these drugs together in their inhaler form, using water as a green solvent and eliminating separation steps.
  • These methods involve various approaches, such as zero-order absorption and ratio spectrum techniques, successfully addressing challenges in detecting Ipratropium and proving effective across specific concentration ranges according to industry guidelines.
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Air pollution from diesel combustion is linked in part to the generation of diesel exhaust particles (DEP). DEP exposure induces various processes, including inflammation and oxidative stress, which ultimately contribute to a decline in lung function. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling is critical for lung homeostasis.

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β2-Adrenergic Regulation of the Neuromuscular Transmission and Its Lipid-Dependent Switch.

Mol Neurobiol

September 2024

Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St., Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111.

β2-Adrenoceptors (β2-ARs) are the most abundant subtype of adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscles. Their activation via a stabilization of postsynaptic architecture has beneficial effects in certain models of neuromuscular disorders. However, the ability of β2-ARs to regulate neuromuscular transmission at the presynaptic level is poorly understood.

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