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Septo-dentate gyrus cholinergic circuits modulate function and morphogenesis of adult neural stem cells through granule cell intermediaries.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
October 2024
Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
Article Synopsis
- Cholinergic neurons from the diagonal band of Broca (DB) significantly influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis by promoting the growth and development of quiescent radial neural stem cells (rNSCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG).
- The study shows that the proliferation and morphological changes of rNSCs require the presence of DG granule cells (GCs), indicating their essential role in this cholinergic circuit's function.
- Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals that cholinergic stimulation causes significant transcriptional changes in DG cells, particularly in GCs, highlighting the complex interactions within the neurogenic niche.
Fructooligosaccharides act on the gut-bone axis to improve bone independent of Tregs and alter osteocytes in young adult C57BL/6 female mice.
JBMR Plus
May 2024
Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Targeting the gut-bone axis with probiotics and prebiotics is considered as a promising strategy to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Gut-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFA) mediate the effects of probiotics on bone via Tregs, but it is not known whether prebiotics act through a similar mechanism. We investigated how 2 different prebiotics, tart cherry (TC) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS), affect bone, and whether Tregs are required for this response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantitative Characterization of Ectopic Adrenal Gene Expression in Fetal Testes in 21-Hydroxylase Deficient Mice.
Horm Metab Res
January 2024
Medizinische Klinik IV, LMU Klinikum München, Munich, Germany.
Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) are a frequent and fertility impairing long-term complication in males with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Due to lack of clear experimental data on their origin, they are hypothesized to be derived from ectopic adrenocortical cells within testicular tissue mainly growing upon stimulation by chronically elevated levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). Alternatively, a more totipotent embryological origin has been discussed as the potential source of these tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTesticular adrenal rest tumors - Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment.
J Pediatr Urol
February 2024
Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Servidores Do Estado Hospital, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Introduction: Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) are common in males suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Correct and timely diagnosis is important for differential diagnosis with malignant testis tumors, related infertility and as TART may worsen in time, especially in the absence of adequate and continuous hormonal control. The rarity of the disease, predominance of small cohorts and case reports and research heterogeneity (concerning type of CAH, patients' age and specific focus of the paper) complicate the understanding of this condition.
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