The present study demonstrates that a large number of substance P (SP) fibers in the parabrachial area (PB) of the rat originate from at least three sources. The majority of SP fibers in the lateral surface of the lateral parabrachial area (PBLI) and medical parabrachial area originate from SP neurons located caudal to the PB. Some of the SP fibers in the PBLI originate from SP neurons located rostral to the PB. SP fibers in the ventral part of the lateral parabrachial area originate from SP cells from the pons at the level of the PB.
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