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Toxoplasmosis is a significant food-borne protozoal disease in humans and animals. The study aimed to find out Toxoplasma seropositivity in sheep, estimate epidemiological risk factors and assess haemato-biochemical parameter changes. Blood samples were collected from 276 indigenous sheep in five districts surrounding Sulaymaniyah Province in the northern region of Iraq.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding the significance of oxygen tension on the biology of Plasmodium falciparum blood stages: From the human body to the laboratory.
PLoS Pathog
September 2024
Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.
Plasmodium falciparum undergoes sequestration within deep tissues of the human body, spanning multiple organ systems with differing oxygen (O2) concentrations. The parasite is exposed to an even greater range of O2 concentrations as it transitions from the human to the mosquito host, suggesting a high level of plasticity as it navigates these different environments. In this review, we explore factors that may contribute to the parasite's response to different environmental O2 concentrations, recognizing that there are likely multiple pieces to this puzzle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute response to pathogens in the early human placenta at single-cell resolution.
Cell Syst
May 2024
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Electronic address:
The placenta is a selective maternal-fetal barrier that provides nourishment and protection from infections. However, certain pathogens can attach to and even cross the placenta, causing pregnancy complications with potential lifelong impacts on the child's health. Here, we profiled at the single-cell level the placental responses to three pathogens associated with intrauterine complications-Plasmodium falciparum, Listeria monocytogenes, and Toxoplasma gondii.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrelations between the degree of infection by wild strain of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and porcine hematological parameters.
Exp Parasitol
June 2024
Laboratory of Biology and Toxicology - BIOTOX, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Crato, 63105-000, Ceará, Brazil.
The apicomplexa Toxoplasma gondii is capable of actively proliferating in numerous types of nucleated cells, and therefore has a high potential for dissemination and resistance. Thus, the present work aimed to correlate the inoculum concentrations and amount of post-infection parasites with porcine hematological parameters (including biochemistry) through in vitro culture. Porcine blood was incubated with different concentrations of parasites (1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProperties and predicted functions of large genes and proteins of apicomplexan parasites.
NAR Genom Bioinform
June 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520 USA.
Evolutionary constraints greatly favor compact genomes that efficiently encode proteins. However, several eukaryotic organisms, including apicomplexan parasites such as , and , the causative agents of toxoplasmosis, malaria and babesiosis, respectively, encode very large proteins, exceeding 20 times their average protein size. Although these large proteins represent <1% of the total protein pool and are generally expressed at low levels, their persistence throughout evolution raises important questions about their functions and possible evolutionary pressures to maintain them.
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