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Aggregation is a fundamental feature of parasite distribution in the host population, but the biological implications of the aggregation indices used to describe the relationships between the populations of parasites and hosts are not evident. It is speculated that the form of distribution in each case is predicated on the host's varying resistance to the infection, which is hard to control, making it difficult to adequately interpret the index values. This paper examines several cases from trout farms in Russian Karelia to explore the monogenean Gyrodactylus spp.

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The Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1898 is a family of primitive diplostomoid trematodes important for understanding the evolution of the superfamily Diplostomoidea. However, cyathocotylids remain poorly studied with the use of molecular techniques. In this study we sequenced the 5.

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Article Synopsis
  • The genus Allocreadium consists of trematode parasites primarily found in the intestines of freshwater fish.
  • The research aims to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships of four Palearctic species using DNA sequences from the 28S rRNA gene and rDNA ITS2 region, alongside their morphological descriptions.
  • The phylogenetic analysis reveals new genetic relationships among the species, challenging some existing theories about the phylogeography of the Allocreadium group.
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infection in aquacultured trout, besides its own harmful effects, can also make the fish more susceptible to other infections, both by swamping the host's immune system and by creating the skin lesions that serve as a direct gateway for opportunistic bacteria. Tissue samples were taken from the intestines, spleen and skin lesions of cage-grown rainbow trout suffering from natural infections of varying severity. In addition, a water sample was taken to document the planktonic bacteria inhabiting the fish farm at the time of the study.

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DNA sequence data became an integral part of species characterization and identification. Still, specimens associated with a particular DNA sequence must be identified by the use of traditional morphology-based analysis and correct linking of sequence and identification must be ensured. Only a small part of DNA sequences of the genus Diplostomum (Diplostomidae) is based on adult isolates which are essential for accurate identification.

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