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Blockade of sympathetic ganglia improves vascular dysfunction in septic shock.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
September 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
Sepsis/septic shock activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to deal with the infection stress. However, an imbalanced or maladaptive response due to excessive or uncontrolled activation characterizes autonomic dysfunction. Our hypothesis was that reducing this excessive activation of the autonomic nervous system would impact positively in sepsis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlood pressure reduction induced by chronic intracerebroventricular or peroral clonidine administration in rats with salt-dependent or angiotensin II-dependent hypertension.
Physiol Res
December 2022
Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
The agonists of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors such as clonidine, rilmenidine or monoxidine are known to lower blood pressure (BP) through a reduction of brain sympathetic outflow but their chronic antihypertensive effects in rats with low-renin or high-renin forms of experimental hypertension were not studied yet. Moreover, there is no comparison of mechanisms underlying BP reduction elicited by chronic peroral (po) or intracerebroventricular (icv) clonidine treatment. Male salt-sensitive Dahl rats fed 4% NaCl diet and Ren-2 transgenic rats were treated with clonidine administered either in the drinking fluid (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDivergent splanchnic sympathetic efferent nerve pathways regulate interleukin-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α responses to endotoxaemia.
J Physiol
October 2022
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
The efferent branches of the splanchnic sympathetic nerves that enhance interleukin-10 (IL-10) and suppress tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF) levels in the reflex response to systemic immune challenge were investigated in anaesthetized, ventilated rats. Plasma levels of TNF and IL-10 were measured 90 min after intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 60 µg/kg). Splanchnic nerve section, ganglionic blockade with pentolinium tartrate or β adrenoreceptor antagonism with ICI 118551 all blocked IL-10 responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBoth central sympathoexcitation and peripheral angiotensin II-dependent vasoconstriction contribute to hypertension development in immature heterozygous Ren-2 transgenic rats.
Hypertens Res
March 2022
Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
Recently, we demonstrated that chronic blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) lowered the blood pressure (BP) of adult Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) mainly through the attenuation of central sympathoexcitation. However, the participation of central and peripheral mechanisms in the development of high BP in immature TGR remains unclear. In the present study, 6-week-old heterozygous TGR males were chronically treated with intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intraperitoneal (IP) infusions of the AT receptor inhibitor losartan (1 or 2 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIs renal ß-adrenergic-WNK4-NCC pathway important in salt hypertension of Dahl rats?
Physiol Res
December 2019
Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
In 2011 Fujita and coworkers proposed that ß-adrenergic stimulation causes decreased serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4 transcription leading to the activation of Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) which participates in salt sensitivity and salt hypertension development in rodents. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the above hypothesis is also valid for salt hypertension of Dahl rats, which are characterized by high sympathetic tone and abnormal renal sodium handling. Male 8-week-old salt-sensitive (SS/Jr) and salt-resistant (SR/Jr) Dahl rats were fed either low-salt diet (LS, 0.
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