A peptide with somatostatin-like immuno- and bioactivity has been isolated from 1165 rat hypothalami by using antisomatostatin affinity chromatography, gel filtration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The isolated peptide is indistinguishable from synthetic somatostatin-14 with respect to chromatographic properties and amino acid composition. We therefore propose that rat hypothalamic somatostatin-14 is identical in structure to somatostatin-14 found in other species.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-108-5-2008 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
Background: The orexin/hypocretin neuropeptide system, primarily found in the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical region, modulates sleep, wakefulness, appetite, and cognitive function. One region with dense orexinergic projections is the basal forebrain (BF), which is the major source of acetylcholine in the neocortex and limbic structures such as the hippocampus. The basal forebrain cholinergic system mediates cognition and dysfunction is one of the key hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetabolism
December 2024
Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba; and Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:
Female reproduction is highly sensitive to body energy stores; persistent energy deficit, as seen in anorexia or strenuous exercise, is known to suppress ovulation via ill-defined mechanisms. We report herein that hypothalamic SIRT1, a key component of the epigenetic machinery that links nutritional status and puberty onset via modulation of Kiss1, plays a critical role in the control of the preovulatory surge of gonadotropins, i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropharmacology
December 2024
Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
Although angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) and its role as a part of the "protective" axis of the renin-angiotensin system are well described in the literature, the mechanisms of its angiotensin II-like pressor and tachycardic effects following its acute central administration are not fully understood. It was the aim of the present study to examine which receptors contribute to the aforementioned cardiovascular effects. Ang 1-7 and antagonists for glutamate, GABA, vasopressin, thromboxane A (TP), α-adrenergic, and P2X purinoceptors or modulators of oxidative stress were injected into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) of urethane-anesthetized male Wistar rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Neurol
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America. Electronic address:
Neonatal sepsis results in significant morbidity and mortality, but early detection is clinically challenging. In a neonatal rat model of endotoxic shock, we characterised unique infrared thermographic (IRT) profiles in skin temperature that could identify risk of later mortality. Ten-day old rats were placed in a thermally stable isolette and IRT images of cranial (T), scapula (T) and rump (T) skin temperature were obtained continuously for 8 h following an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nanobiotechnology
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Medicine of Xinjiang, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, No. 359, Youhao North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Objective: This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which nanovesicles (NVs) transport curcumin(CUR) across the blood-brain barrier to treat hypothalamic neural damage induced by heat stroke by regulating the expression of poly(c)-binding protein 2 (PCBP2).
Methods: Initially, NVs were prepared from macrophages using a continuous extrusion method. Subsequently, CUR was loaded into NVs using sonication, yielding engineered cell membrane Nanovesicles loaded with curcumin (NVs-CUR), which were characterized and subjected to in vitro and in vivo tracking analysis.
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